SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS Chapter 29 Globalization and the transformation of political community Presented by Hong,Hyemee Baylis & Smith: The Globalization of World Politics

SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS Contents; Intruduction: what is a political community? Nationalism and political community Community and citizenship The changing nature of political community The danger of new forms of political community conclusion

SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS Introduction: what is a political community? The members of a political community are committed to governing themselves. Because they expected to be involved in major wars, states have tried to persuade their citizens to place obligations to the state ahead of duties to other communities, whether local or global.

SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS Introduction: what is a political community? Globalization and the declining significance of military competition between the great powers have raised the question of whether political communities will become more cosmopolitan in future.

SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS Nationalism and political community Most forms of political community in human history have not represented the nation or the people. The idea that the state should represent the nation is a European development which has dominated politics for just over two hundred years.

SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS Nationalism and political community Michel Mann argued that “ Modern states have built up high level of “ intensive power ’’ And acquired a high level of “ extensive power ’’ The extraordinary power of modern states made global empires possible.

SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS Nationalism and political community War and capitalism are two reasons why the nation-state became the dominant form of political community. States have been principal architects of globalization over the last four centuries. The global spread of the sovereign state and nationalism are key examples of globalization.

SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS Community and citizenship Demands for citizenship rights emerged in response to the growing power of the modern state. The demand to be treated as a citizen was initially concerned with securing legal and political rights but citizenship was redefined early in the twentieth century to include social or welfare rights.

SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS Community and citizenship The most influential account of the evolution of citizenship ☞ The end of Ideology (1950s-1960s) ☞ Modernization theory

SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS Community and citizenship The end of ideology argued that Western liberal-democracy had solved the social conflicts which earlier dominated industrial societies. Modernization theory also assumed that non- Western societies would follow the Western path of economic and political development. This controversial thesis resurfaced in the West at the end of the bipolar era.

SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS The changing nature of political community Globalization and fragmentation are two phenomena challenging traditional conceptions of political community and national citizenship. Ethnic fragmentation is one reason for the failed state in Europe as well as in the Third World, but demands for the recognition of cultural differences exist in all political communities.

SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS The changing nature of political community Modern political community confirm the politics of cultural difference Cosmopolitan democracy and transnational citizenship have changed.

SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS The changing nature of political community Globalization theorists have argued for cosmopolitan democracy on the grounds that national democracies are less able to influence global forces which affect them. Globalization and fragmentation have renewed interest in neo-medieval vision of political community.

SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS The dangers of new forms of political community? The apex of nationalism in relations between the great powers occurred in the first half of the twentieth century. Nationalism remains a powerful force in the modern world but globalization and fragmentation have led to discussions about the possibility of new forms of political community.

SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS The dangers of new forms of political community? Cosmopolitan approaches which envisage an international system in which all individuals are respected as equal have flourished in the contemporary phase of globalization. Post-modern writers argue that all forms of political community contain the danger of generating the domination or exclusion of significant sections of society.

SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS The dangers of new forms of political community? Communitarians argue that most people value their membership of a particular political community; they are unlikely to shift their loyalty from the nation-state to the human race.

SOGANG UNIVERSITY GSIS Conclusion Globalization and fragmentation are transforming political communities across the world. It is important to examine the nature of political communities to understand Int’l politics.