Today’s LEQ: Why did Europeans violently conquer the native people where they colonized?

Spain Builds and Empire  They conquered two of the greatest native empires of the Americas, the Aztecs and the Incas

Encomienda System  Established in the Caribbean  A colonist was given land and a Native American labor force.  The colonist then Christianized the natives.

Encomienda System Fails  Natives were overworked and often mistreated.  Europeans brought smallpox, tuberculosis and measles and the natives had no resistance and millions died

Hernan Cortes  Conquistador who attacked Moctezuma II  Moctezuma was dislike by the people he had conquered  Cortes befriended Moctezuma’s enemies

Tenochtitlan

INFER – What do you think is happening in this painting?

The Conquest of Peru  Pizarro, having heard about the wealth of the Incan Empire, led an expedition to Peru.  Smallpox had killed many even before Pizarro’s arrival.

Atahualpa  New leader  Previous ruler had died of smallpox

Huayana Capac  The last undisputed Incan  Huascar was his son  Atahualpa was his Huascar’s half brother

 PREDICT:  What event is taking place?  Where is the evidence that proves your answer to be correct?

The Spaniards Kill Atahualpa  Atahualpa gave Pizarro a huge fortune in silver and gold, but the Spaniards still killed him and headed to Cuzco.

Cuzco, Peru – present day

Life in the Spanish Empire  Spain gained control of Peru and Mexico.  The Spanish King chose officials called viceroys to rule over American holdings.  Bartolome de Las Casas was a vocal reformer who defended the plight of the native Americans.

Primary Source Analysis  The Treatment of Native Americans  Please record answers in your notes.  ANALYZE: According to Las Casas, how have the Spanish mistreated Native Americans?  INFER: For what audience do you think Las Casas was writing? What evidence supports your response? ***Refer to page 80 in your textbook. ***

The Portuguese in Brazil  Limited by the Treaty of Tordesillas – 1494  East = Portugal.  Brazil’s jungles made mining and farming difficult.

Portuguese Settle in the 1530s  Established huge farming estates  Used Native American labor and African slaves as farm workers

French, Dutch, and English Colonies  Leaders in France, England and the Netherlands decided that they too needed to establish colonies in the Americas.  Gold?  Glory?  God?

New France  No gold   No silver   Fish, furs, and forests!!  Fox, lynx, otter and beaver furs sold for high prices in Europe.  French moved in small groups  What does this next image suggest about life in the French colonies?

Native Hunters Were the Main Source for French Furs

Rene Robert La Salle  Canoed down the entire Mississippi River, trying to get to Asia via the Pacific Ocean  Lousiana – La Salle named it after King Louis XIV

The Dutch of New Netherland  New Netherland was settled along the Hudson River  Founded New Amsterdam which is what present day city?  Dutch focused on sugar in the Caribbean and spices from southeast Asia much more than New Amsterdam

English Colonies  Jamestown, VA ~ 1607  Hoped to find gold, silver  and a route to the Pacific  Instead they found marshy ground and impure water  1620 ~ Pilgrims  English viewed Native Americans with distrust and anger

British-French Conflict  French and English settlers clashed in the upper Ohio River valley  English named the French and Indian War  Native Americans fought on both sides

English Claim Victory  War had been costly  English king tried to make his American colonists pay the cost of the war.  Resentment among the colonists begins to simmer.

3-2-1  List and define three vocabulary terms that you learned today  Name two explorers and the groups they conquered.  Name the one most valuable resource found in France’s colonies.