The Planting of English America From Henry VIII to the First Colonists

Henry VIII Defender of the Faith, 1521, excommunicated Catherine of Aragon (wife)  Mary (daughter) – 1 st woman heir  Divorced – no son Protestant Reformation Anne Boleyn (next wife)  Elizabeth (daughter)  Beheaded – for no son Jane Seymour  Edward - son  Died (birth complications)

Queen Elizabeth Reigned Protestantism restored Thirty-nine Articles Conflict with Philip II  English “sea dogs” (privateers)  Protestantism  Refused marriage

“Don’t Touch my Golden Hind.” Sir Francis Drake Golden Hind California

Spanish Armada 1588 Sir Francis Drake Sir John Hawkins “Protestant Winds” Beginning of English naval superiority

Gilbert and Raleigh Humphrey Gilbert  1583  Newfoundland Charter Walter Raleigh  1584 – Roanoke, no go  “Virginia”

Roanoke Island Settlers Virginia Dare John White (grandpa) returned for supplies Returned 1590 to no one “Cro” and “Croatoan” on two trees

Reasons for Colonization Economic  Primogeniture  Enclosure movement  Unemployment  Joint-stock Company  Mercantilism – Spanish peace Religious  Spread Protestantism  Puritans and Separatists  Catholics & Quakers

James I Reigned “Divine Right of Kings” Gunpowder Plot King James Version (KJV) Gave Virginia Co. Charter to settle Virginia Puritans - Calvinists

Jamestown Virginia Company of London Entrepreneurs – find gold or no more support, not frontiersman Charter from King James 1607  Godspeed  Discovery  Sarah Constant

Jamestown – Problems and Salvation Drought Disease Bad climate Laziness Starving Time ( ) John Smith Pocahontas Tobacco – John Rolfe

John SmithLord De La Warr

What was the primary purpose of the English settlement of Jamestown, and how successful were the colonists in achieving that goal in the first twenty years?

Development of Jamestown John Rolfe Tobacco – made it “sweeter” (1612) Headright system Changes  Women Indentured servants  Slaves  Representative Government

Powhatan – Two Wars, final defeat, 1644 Pocahontas – Saved John White, Married John Rolfe, moved to England

Colonists and Native Americans Clash First Anglo-Powhatan War John Rolfe and Pocahontas are married First bi-racial couple in America Second Anglo-Powhatan War 1644 Last attempt to drive out colonists, drove out N.A.

Development of Jamestown Royal Colony 1624 – “Seminary of Sedition” 1 st Representative Government - House of Burgesses

In what ways did the relationship between whites and Native Americans in Virginia establish the pattern for later relations across North America?

Maryland Cecil Calvert, 2 nd Lord Baltimore 1 Founds colony Named after Queen Henrietta Maria Set up as a haven for persecuted Catholics Quickly became minority so passed Maryland Act of Toleration (1649) – all that don’t deny Christ’s divinity

The English Civil War, King vs. Parliament – Suspended Parliament “Roundheads”  Puritan  Parliamentarian  Oliver Cromwell – Commonwealth, Lord Protectorate “Cavaliers”  Anglican  Royalist  King Charles I

The Carolinas, 1670 Named after Charles II Squatters Carolina chartered by 8 proprietors to grow food stuffs for the W. Indies, as well wine silk, and olive oil, later rice Charles Town (Charleston) founded by Barbadians, settled by “English sons” and French Huguenots Used lots of slaves

N. Carolina, 1712 Poor Virginians looking for small farms and religious freedom. No slaves. Mostly squatters. Area of resistance to authority and individualism. “Vale of humility between two areas of conceit”. Harassed governors into their own colony. Like Rhode Island was most democratic, individualistic, and least aristocratic of the 13 colonies.

Carolina and Native Americans Spain would incite the Indians to harass the English settlements Huge Indian slave industry in this area. They were captured and sent to the W. Indies. Aided by the Savannah Indians, but when they stopped helping the whites wiped them out. The Tuscarora fought with the Carolinans and were pushed out of the area. They moved to NY and became the 6 th tribe of the Iroquois Nation. The Yamasees also fought the Carolinans. With this defeat the coastal Indians in this area were wiped out by 1720.

Georgia James Oglethorpe  Philanthropist (prison reform)  1733 – George II granted charter Purposes  Refuge for debtors  Utopian experiment Secular Enlightenment ideals  Buffer - defense against Spanish Florida (King’s idea) No slaves, no alcohol, no rebel rousers, no land sale Utopia failed (human nature can be a real bugger) 1752 – became royal colony as Oglethorpe gave up Savannah – ministers, missionaries, Methodists

Commonalities of the Southern Plantation Colonies Broad-acred Exported commercial agricultural products Slavery (Georgia & N. Carolina finally gave in) Aristocratic Slow city growth and few of them Slow school and church growth Religious toleration with Anglican as top religion

Iroquois Iroquois Confederacy Hiawatha

To what extent was the South English and to what extent were they uniquely American?