English Colonization © Mr. Mark Batik Jesuit College Prep

New World Holdings

Is there a Theme for this Chapter? Disunity as the original identity of English colonization Disunity as the original identity of English colonization Demographic, religious, economic differences Demographic, religious, economic differences Is there an overarching theory that might explain why people left? Is there an overarching theory that might explain why people left? Insecurity? Insecurity? Religion? Religion? Economics? Economics? Different reasons for the colony distinctly influence what the colony looks like Different reasons for the colony distinctly influence what the colony looks like

Who Owned What Affects History

Chesapeake Joint Stock investing Joint Stock investing Established in hopes of making money Established in hopes of making money Not lazy but unaccustomed to the labor needs Not lazy but unaccustomed to the labor needs Deadly sin: greed rather than sloth Deadly sin: greed rather than sloth

From Chaos  Order John Smith 1608 Chaos—greed, differing notions of work Reorganization 1609 Chaos—poor plans, failed leadership Starving Time Winter Order/discipline/ indentured servants Summer 1610 Tobacco

More Cause and Effect Make the colony more attractive= Make the colony more attractive= Headright system= Headright system= Indentured Servants= Indentured Servants= Male dominated/high death rate= Male dominated/high death rate=

Population Trends

Population Growth

Plymouth, Reasons for leaving Church of England Separatists Church of England Separatists Moved to the low countries for 11 years Moved to the low countries for 11 years Leave Holland (Leyden) for 2 reasons Leave Holland (Leyden) for 2 reasons End of Spain/Holland armistice End of Spain/Holland armistice Cultural dislocation Cultural dislocation

Set Sail on the Mayflower September 1620 set sail September 1620 set sail 102 men, women, children (only 35 were Pilgrims) 102 men, women, children (only 35 were Pilgrims) Leave for Virginia, end up in Massachusetts Leave for Virginia, end up in Massachusetts

Mayflower Compact Early attempt at constitutionalism Early attempt at constitutionalism Agreement of the governed to live by the rule of the document Agreement of the governed to live by the rule of the document Agreement of the governed to live by the rule of the document Agreement of the governed to live by the rule of the document

Location, Location, Location Protected Harbor Protected Harbor High Grounds for Defense High Grounds for Defense Christened, New Plymouth (named for the point of departure) Christened, New Plymouth (named for the point of departure)

Modern Idealization 19 th Century Nationalism presents a caricature of the Pilgrim 19 th Century Nationalism presents a caricature of the Pilgrim Black Clothes (head to toe) Black Clothes (head to toe) Buckled Shoes Buckled Shoes Funny Looking Hats Funny Looking Hats

Why This Historiography? At the time, they embody what America stands for At the time, they embody what America stands for Religious Freedom Religious Freedom Perseverance Perseverance Individuality Individuality Refusal to accept an “unjust” law Refusal to accept an “unjust” law

Massachusetts Bay Established in 1628 by the New England Company Established in 1628 by the New England Company 1629, new name: Massachusetts Bay Company 1629, new name: Massachusetts Bay Company In 1630, John Winthrop, brought the charter and about 1,000 people In 1630, John Winthrop, brought the charter and about 1,000 people Great Migration Great Migration

“A City on a Hill” Reject ceremony of Church of England (too Catholic) Reject ceremony of Church of England (too Catholic) Puritan communities established self-governing congregations Puritan communities established self-governing congregations Strong Calvinism—seek sign of being elect Strong Calvinism—seek sign of being elect People who refused were sent back to England or expelled to such other settlements as Rhode Island and New Hampshire People who refused were sent back to England or expelled to such other settlements as Rhode Island and New Hampshire

Reality Check Puritan was a pejorative term hoisted upon the group Puritan was a pejorative term hoisted upon the group Not stoic, enjoyed life within reason, not to excess Not stoic, enjoyed life within reason, not to excess

Demographics Transplantation of communities Transplantation of communities 87.8% of emigrants traveled with relatives 87.8% of emigrants traveled with relatives ¾ came in nuclear family units ¾ came in nuclear family units Lower mortality compared to other English colonies and England itself Lower mortality compared to other English colonies and England itself

Immigration Comparison 120,000 immigrants to the Chesapeake in 17 th Century 120,000 immigrants to the Chesapeake in 17 th Century 190,000 immigrants to the West Indies 190,000 immigrants to the West Indies 21,000 immigrants to New England 21,000 immigrants to New England

New England Demographics 1650: 33, : 60, : 120, : 250, : 500, : 1,000, : 33, : 60, : 120, : 250, : 500, : 1,000,000 Source: Primarily: Genealogical Notes on the Founding of New England, Ernest Flagg, Source: Primarily: Genealogical Notes on the Founding of New England, Ernest Flagg, 1926.

Colony Total (copied) Total (recomputed) Maine (counties)(1) New Hampshire(2) Vermont(3) Plymouth and Massachusetts(1,2,4) Rhode Island(2) Connecticut(2) New York(2) New Jersey(2) Pennsylvania(2) Delaware(2) Maryland(2) Virginia(2) North Carolina(2) South Carolina(2) Georgia(2) Kentucky(5) Tennessee(6)

Population Trends

Population Growth

Bibliography Anderson, Virginia Dejohn. 1993: “Migrants and Motives: Religion and the Settlement of New England, ” in Katz, ed. Colonial America. McGraw-Hill, Inc.: New York Anderson, Virginia Dejohn. 1993: “Migrants and Motives: Religion and the Settlement of New England, ” in Katz, ed. Colonial America. McGraw-Hill, Inc.: New York