World War II, Part 4: Raising the Army and the Home Front Goal 10

Essential Idea American industry and the dedication of citizens were vital to success in WWII.

War Production Board America’s advantage: Superior industry to every other country Government Agency: War Production Board

Help from the Assembly Line The assembly line was used to mass produce trucks, jeeps, and tanks Henry Ford helped produce 8,600 airplanes

Raising an Army The Act: Selective Service and Training Act This was the first peacetime draft in U.S. History After Pearl Harbor, the army struggled to keep up with recruits

Double V The Campaign: Double-V Campaign This campaign encouraged blacks to enlist V #1: Victory against Hitler abroad V #2: Victory against racism at home

Women Re-enter the Workplace Who: Women What they did: Worked in factories and shipyards The Symbol: Rosie the Riveter – famous symbol that motivated women to work in non-traditional jobs

Anger at Japanese American Response to Japanese: After Pearl Harbor, many Americans on the West Coast were angry with Japanese immigrants and citizens

Japanese Discrimination Japanese were discriminated against and were attacked by angry mobs

People were afraid that people with Japanese descent were more loyal to Japan Where are the Japanese coming from? What is the man on top of the hut doing? What is the man inside the hut doing? Describe Dr. Seuss’ feelings toward the Japanese following Pearl Harbor.

Japanese Internment Camps FDR’s Actions: FDR signed an executive order that declared the West Coast to be a “military zone” Japanese citizens and immigrants were herded into internment camps, leaving behind homes, jobs, and businesses

Where were most camps located? How far east did they extend? About how many were there?

Korematsu v. United States Korematsu v. United States – Fred Korematsu sued the U.S. government Korematsu claimed his 14 th Amendment right to equal protection had been violated The Supreme Court ruled against Korematsu, calling it a “military issue”, not a racial issue

Rationing World War II created a need for more ___________________ and _________________ than the country had ever needed before in its _____________________. _____________________ ________ found ways to ________________ the war effort.

Rationing Method #1: Rationing The government limited the usage of certain goods Meat and sugar were rationed so soldiers could be fed The national speed limit was lowered to 35 miles per hour to save gas and rubber

Victory Gardens Method #2: Victory Gardens People grew their own food so soldiers could have more Victory gardens were grown on any open piece of land, such as back yards, parks, and school yards

Paying for the War Method #3: Taxes and War Bonds The war cost $300 billion, more than all other expenses in United States history COMBINED The government raised taxes Americans bought $150 billion worth of war bonds