INTRO TO BIOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE, LAB INFO, AND SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

BIOLOGY “BIO” MEANS LIFE AND “LOGY” MEANS THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY MEANS THE STUDY OF LIFE.

THE 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE ORGANISMS ARE COMPOSED (MADE OF) CELLS ORGANISMS RESPOND TO THE ENVIRONMENT ORGANISMS USE ENERGY FOR GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE ORGANISMS REPRODUCE ORGANISMS ADAPT TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT ORGANISMS GROW AND DEVELOP ORGANISMS ARE HIGHLY ORGANIZED.. THIS MEANS ORGANISMS HAVE SPECIFIC STRUCTURES TO PERFORM SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS

CUT AND PASTE PICTURES OF THE LAB TOOLS LEAVE ROOM FOR DESCRIPTION AND USE OF EACH ONE NEXT TO EACH PICTURE

LAB TOOLS BEAKER COMES IN SEVERAL SIZES USED FOR : TRANSPORTING (CARRYING) CHEMICALS STIRRING MIXING HEATING NOT USED FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS

Erlenmeyer Flask Comes in several sizes Used for : o Swirling/mixing o Occasionally boiling NOT USED FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS

Graduated Cylinder Comes in several sizes Used for : o Measuring precise amounts of liquids o BEST tool for measuring liquids

Test Tube (and rack) Used for : o Observing small reactions o Holding different liquids NOT USED FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS

Microscope (with Petri Dish) Microscope used for magnifying small cells so we can see them. Petri Dish is used to grow micro (small)-organisms

Balance “Triple beam” or electric balance Measures mass of an object (in grams )

Stirring Rods Used to stir/mix things together in a solution Glass is used because it’s “unreactive”

Tongs Used to carry heated glass containers like beakers Black, rubber part touches the glass

Funnel Used to separate particles of different sizes Smaller particles travel through bottom

Wash Bottle Used to rinse various objects with water

Pipet (dropper) Used to transfer small amounts of fluids from one object to another

Slide and coverslip Used for making a “wet mount” slide to view cells under a microscope

Forceps Used for grasping (holding) onto objects instead of touching them

SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION STEPS AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

CUT AND PASTE THE LIST OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION WORDS LEAVE ROOM ON YOUR PAPER TO PUT A DEFINITION NEXT TO EACH ONE

SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION HYPOTHESIS = AN EDUCATED GUESS, OR A TESTABLE EXPLANATION, ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIABLES INDEPENDENT VARIABLE = THE VARIABLE THAT IS PURPOSEFULLY CHANGED BY THE EXPERIMENTER DEPENDENT VARIABLE = THE VARIABLE THAT RESPONDS CONSTANT = ALL FACTORS THAT REMAIN THE SAME AND HAVE A FIXED VALUE CONTROL = THE STANDARD FOR COMPARING EXPERIMENTAL EFFECTS REPEATED TRIALS = REPEATEDLY CONDUCTING THE SAME EXPERIMENT BY FOLLOWING THE SAME PROCEDURE UNDER THE SAME CONDITIONS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN DIAGRAM = THE DIAGRAM THAT IS USED TO SUMMARIZE ALL PARTS OF AN EXPERIMENT THEORY = RELATED HYPOTHESES THAT HAVE BEEN TESTED MANY TIMES AND PROVEN CORRECT, BUT MAY STILL BE PROVEN WRONG DATA = INFORMATION COLLECTED DURING AN EXPERIMENT (ADD THIS WORD TO YOUR WORD LIST) CONCLUSION = A JUDGMENT OR DECISION REACHED BY REASONING

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CHARTS

USING YOUR EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CHART AND YOUR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION DEFINITIONS, READ THE FOLLOWING SCENARIO TO COMPLETE THE YOUR CHART AMANDA AND KYLE BECAME INTERESTED IN INSULATION WHEN THEIR NEW HOUSE WAS BUILT IN MARYLAND. THEY DECIDED TO DETERMINE WHICH INSULATION WAS BEST. THEY USED FOUR DIFFERENT TYPES OF INSULATION (TYPES A, B, C, AND D). THEY FILLED EACH OF THE 15 JARS WITH 50 °F WATER. THEY SEALED EACH JAR WITH A PLASTIC LID AND WRAPPED THE JARS IN THE FOLLOWING WAY: JARS 1, 2, NO INSULATION JARS 4, 5, TYPE A JARS 7, 8, TYPE B JARS 10, 11, TYPE C JARS 13, 14, TYPE D AMANDA PUT THE JARS OUTSIDE IN DIRECT SUNLIGHT. AFTER AN HOUR, THEY RECORDED THE TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER IN EACH JAR.

ANSWERS INDEPENDENT VARIABLE = TYPE OF INSULATION DEPENDENT VARIABLE = TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER DESCRIBE HOW IT WILL BE CHANGED = (TYPE OF INSULATION) IS MOST EFFICIENT DESCRIBE THE EFFECT = (TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER) WILL NOT INCREASE LEVELS OF THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE = TYPES A, B, C, D (NO INSULATION = THE CONTROL) NUMBER OF TRIALS = 1 (1 HOUR) CONSTANTS = 50° F WATER, JARS, DIRECT SUNLIGHT, PLASTIC LID WHAT IS ONE THING YOU WOULD CHANGE ABOUT THIS EXPERIMENT TO MAKE IT BETTER?

TRY IT ON YOUR OWN CUT AND PASTE SCENARIOS INTO YOUR BOOK

THE PENNY LAB EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE