WILL Will is a modal verb and is used to talk about the future … but not only!

Let’s begin with FORM +I/you/he/she/it/we/they will work. -I/you/he/ she ect will not work. ?Will I/you/he ect work? Contractions: I’ll, you’ll, she’ll ect; will not = won’t Ex. George will be here tomorrow. The class will begin at 9:00. I won’t finish this work by Friday. When will you finish it?

Question form Questions with ‘will’ follow the QUASI sequence. Question word/ Auxiliary /Subject/ Infinitive Observe the word order: Where will you be this evening? Be careful when questions have long subjects – the word order doesn’t change. What time will the bus for the dinner and dance leave?

Make questions with will Put the words in the correct order. 1.be they home will soon?__________________________ 2.you/ will/ know/how soon/ answer/ the? ______________ 3.will/here/ you and your mother/tomorrow/ be?____ 4.for the journey/ the children/ have enough money/ will? _____ CHECK

answers 1.Will they be home soon? 2.How soon will you know the answer? 3.Will you and your mother be here tomorrow? 4.Will the children have enough money for the journey?

When to use will The most common uses of will are o predicting – things we think, guess or know about the future o deciding – or spontaneous decisions; o refusing or promising. Let’s look at each use individually…..

Predicting: saying what we think, guess or know about the future. I think it will snow tomorrow. When will you know your exam results? Perhaps they will open a new branch. Maybe he will get a promotion. In my opinion, Juventus will win the championship. I don’t think Italy will fall into a recession.

Practice Translate the following sentences: 1.Credo che pioverà domani. 2.Secondo me Nadal vincerà l’Australian Open. 3.Spero che l’inflazione non aumenta il prossimo anno. 4.Probabilmente il Sig. Okada sarà alla riunione. 5.Ci sarà un sciopero domani?

ANSWERS 1.I think it will rain tomorrow. 2.In my opinion, Nadal will win the Australian Open. 3.I hope inflation won’t increase next year. 4.Mr. Okada will probably be at the meeting. 5.Will there be a strike tomorrow?

spontaneous reactions or decisions We use will to talk about actions that are decided in that moment, spontaneous reactions or decisions. This women has just decided what she wants to eat. She says to the waiter: «I’ll have the seafood salad, please.» This woman is shopping for a jacket. She says, «I like this jacket! I’ll buy it»

Refusing and promising Spontaneous decisions can also include agreeing or promising to do something, and refusing to do something. OK, I really will stop smoking. She won’t speak to me. I’ll phone you later. Things can also ‘refuse’. The car won’t start. This pen won’t write.

translate The use of ‘will’ can be confusing. A good way to get a better understanding is through translation. Compare the difference between the way we express an idea in Italian and English. 1.Ti chiamo più tardi. 2.Non so cosa vuole. Non mi parla. 3.Non capisco questo esercizio. OK, ti aiuto io. 4.Torno subito. 5.Ti mando la fattura domani mattina.

answers Did you notice that in Italian the present simple is often used where in English we use will? I’ll call you later. I don’t know what he wants. He won’t speak to me. I’ll be right back. I don’t understand this exercise. OK, I’ll help you. I’ll send you an invoice tomorrow morning.

TO BE GOING TO To be going to is another way to convey the future. It is used to express a strong intention to do something in the future. Infact, it’s called the intentional future. + I am going to drive.You/we/they are going to drive.He/she/it is going to drive. - I am not going to drive.You are not going to drive.He is not going to drive. ? Am I going to drive?Are they going to drive?Is she going to drive? Contractions: I’m, you’re, she’s ect.

Examples Are you going to drive or take the train to Milan? Lucy is going to study in France next year. I’m going to exercise everyday during the Christmas holiday. Mr. Smith is behind at work so he’s going to stay late and finish his report. I’m going to watch TV this evening. There’s an interesting film on channel 3.

We often use ‘to be going to’ when we can see the future in the present…. when a future situation is starting or clearly on the way. She’s going to have a baby. It’s going to rain

What about the present continuous? Yes, that’s right! At the beginning of your English course, we saw that we can use the present continuous for the future. When??? We usually use the present continuous to talk about future plans for a fixed time and/or a fixed place. What are you doing this evening? I’m staying home. I’m meeting with the boss this afternoon. *** Sometimes more than one verb tense can be used. It takes a lot of practice to get a clear idea of which tense to use. So let’s practice!

PRACTICE Choose the best form. 1.Anne is going to /will have a baby. 2.Perhaps I will see/ am seeing you again one day. 3.There’s someone at the door. ‘I go/ I’ll go.’ 4.I promise I’m telling / I’ll tell you tomorrow. 5.Look at the sky! It will/ is going to rain. 6.‘I don’t want to drive.’ ‘OK, I’ll/ I’m going to drive. 7.I think I’m taking/ I’ll take guitar lessons. 8.I will see/ am seeing the doctor tomorrow at 11:00. 9.What time are they arriving/ will they arrive from London? 10.How are you travelling/ will you travel to Ireland?

ANSWERS 1.Anne is going to /will have a baby. 2.Perhaps I will see/ am seeing you again one day. 3.There’s someone at the door. ‘I go/ I’ll go.’ 4.I promise I’m telling / I’ll tell you tomorrow. 5.Look at the sky! It will/ is going to rain. 6.‘I don’t want to drive.’ ‘OK, I’ll/ I’m going to drive. 7.I think I’m taking/ I’ll take guitar lessons. 8.I will see/ am seeing the doctor tomorrow at 11:00. 9.What time are they arriving/ will they arrive from London? 10.How are you travelling/ will you travel to Ireland?

Present simple with future reference The present simple can have a future time reference. We use it to talk about events based on a timetable, schedule or calendar. In these cases we can also use the present continuous. Arthur’s plane leaves at 8:30. The film begins at 6:00 pm. Our meeting starts at 10:00 am on Monday.

Summary Willgoing topresent continuouspresent simple instant decision promise, refusal, offer made at the moment of speaking plan made previously, before the moment of speaking fixed arrangement ‘in our diary’ with a time and place to talk about events on a timetable or calendar prediction base on our opinions and beliefs prediction based on evidence in the present situation, to talk about something already planned