HarvestPlus c/o IFPRI 2033 K Street, NW Washington, DC USA Tel: Fax: Overview of Global HarvestPlus Activities Howarth Bouis

Hidden Hunger 2 billion+ affected Photo: C. Hotz

Iron Deficiency: Cognitive impairment Maternal mortality during childbirth Decreased work productivity 70% of children under 5 and 55% of non-pregnant women are anemic. In western India, where pearl millet is a staple food, an estimated 66% of children under 5 are anemic.

Zinc Deficiency : Growth failure Susceptibility to infections Diarrhea An estimated 44% of children under 5 are at risk of zinc deficiency.

Vitamin A Deficiency: Causes eye damage, ultimately blindness Higher Mortality 62% of children under 5 are deficient in vitamin A, leading to an annual 330,000 child deaths. Close to 20 million pregnant women in developing countries are also vitamin A deficient. Nearly one-half of these cases occur in India.

India Pakistan Bangladesh Developing India Pakistan Bangladesh Developing World Developing % Changes in Cereal & Pulse Production & in Population Between 1965 & 1999 CerealsPulsesPopulation

Indices of Cereal, Milk, All Food Prices, Three Year Averages

Indices of Non-Staple Food Prices, Three Year Averages

Food Expenditures in Indian States With Very High Rice Consumption

After 50% Increase in All Food Prices Animal Staples Non-Food Staples Non-Food Before Share of Total Expenditures

Supplementation Commercial Fortification Agricultural Approaches Dietary Diversity (higher incomes; education)

Agricultural Approaches Biofortification Adding trace minerals to fertilizers Introducing single novel foods that are profitable and high in missing nutrients – cowpea in rice-wheat systems in India Homestead food gardens Re-introducing/expansion of traditional crops

Biofortification-breeding food crops that are more nutritious Photo: D. Marchand

Cost-effective: central one time investment Photo: ICRISAT

75% of the poor 25%

Targeted: poor people eat staples Photo: IRRI

Sustainable for famers Photo: A.M. Ball

#1 Can Breeding increase nutrient to levels that improve nutrition? Photo: Wolfgang Pfeiffer

Cassava Vitamin A Nigeria DR Congo Beans Iron (Zinc) Rwanda DR Congo Maize Vitamin A Zambia 2012 Crops for Africa & Release Dates Crops are high-yielding and with other traits farmers want.

Pearl Millet Iron (Zinc) India Rice Zinc Bangladesh India Wheat Zinc India Pakistan Crops for Asia & Release Dates Crops are high-yielding and with other traits farmers want.

Consumption of Staple Foods in India

#2 Are extra nutrients bioavailable at sufficient levels to improve micronutrient status?

Crop & Nutrient Countries of first release Status of Nutrition Studies Dietary Intake & Retention BioavailabiliyEfficacyEffectiveness Vitamin A Crops (released) Cassava Nigeria, DR Congo MaizeNigeria, Zambia  OSP Uganda, Mozambique Iron Crops (released) BeanRwanda  Pearl MilletIndia Zinc crops (under development—to be released in 2013) Rice Bangladesh, India WheatIndia, Pakistan

#3 Will Farmers adopt crops and consumers buy & eat these? Photos: Neil Palmer (CIAT)

Impact on vitamin A intakes

Seed package design

Seed production & distribution Seed production- TFL ( tons) Seed Packs- distribution

Phase 3: New roles for HarvestPlus staff

Private Sector Entities and Activities Demand by Health and Nutrition Community for Biofortification Global Supply of Biofortified Crops Global Markets Established for Biofortified Crops Global Demand by Consumers for Biofortfied Foods Mainstreaming of Biofortification by Public Agriculture Sector $ Vision for a Sustainable Biofortification System

Biofortification Research Biofortification Deployment Scale Up in Selected Target Countries Measure Cost- Effective Impact Additional Bioavailability and Efficacy Evidence Private Sector Entities and Activities Global Supply of Biofortified Crops Global Markets Established for Biofortified Crops Global Demand by Consumers for Biofortfied Foods Increase Breeding Effectiveness and Capacity Biofortification Advocacy $ Demand by Health and Nutrition Community for Biofortification Mainstreaming of Biofortification by Public Agriculture Sector