P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal Cost/Performance Update on HTS Wires & Tapes Paul M. Grant

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal 3/98 DOE Handout ,000 10,000 $/kA×m

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal “The SokPlot”

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal “Le SokPlot” Le Quatorze Juillet 1999 ASC “300” ASC “50”

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal Assumptions/Costs –Tape Area: 3 mm 2 –30% HTSC Fill Factor –I C = 200 A –Ag Cost = $0.161/gm ($5.00/troy oz); Ag C/P = $16.88/kA×m –BSCCO Cost = $0.86/cc; BSCCO C/P = $4.28/kA×m –L&O Cost = $3.00/m; L&O C/P = $15.00/kA×m Overall “Laboratory” C/P ~ $36/kA×m ! BSCCO OPIT/Ag : C/P; Materials + L&O

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal Warren Buffet Effect Month $/troy oz 8/979/9710/9711/9712/971/982/983/984/98 May ‘98 Silver Futures Past 8 Months

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal Current Ag Prices Silver Prices Month $/troy oz WBE

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal Silver Futures Demand exceeded supply for last nine years, in 1997 by 20% High grade ore mostly exhausted, today recovered from base metals and low grade ore Photographic uses increasing 3-6%/yr. 50,000 km/yr BSCCO/OPIT would take all photo-recycling of 1.4 million kg/yr, or 6% of total demand

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal J C Paths in BSCCO OPIT/Ag (UW-ASC) Polarized Micrograph Magneto-Optic Image J C 12 K > 3.6   A/cm 2 2 > 2.6   A/cm 2 2 > 1.6   A/cm 2 2 > 0 = 0 A/cm 2 2

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal As Good As It Gets

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal J C (B,T) for BSCCO

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal J c (77, B) Schwartzkopf, Jiang, Cai, Apodaca, (Prof) ASC/UW (preprint) 13 “H-Q” Tapes 4 Manufacturers

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal J c (77, B)/J c (77, 0.1)

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal Homework Problem MRI/  SMES Proto-Solenoid –Diameter = 1m; Length = 5m –Wire Diameter = 1mm; #Turns = 5000 –Wire Length = 15.7km; Inductance = 4.95H Operation Parameters –I = 392.5A (J = 50,000A/cm 2 );  V = 1.57V –“R” =  (J = 50,000A/cm 2, E = 1  V/cm) –E = 0.38MJ; B = 0.49T; P = 616W

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal BSCCO OPIT/Ag E-J Characteristic E = aJ n n = 15 T = 77 K E = 1  V/cm

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal Solenoid Loop Current: t > t 0 L R(I) I(t) bIL dI dt 0 I(t) b(n1) L (tt)I n 00 1n 1 1n            

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal “Persistent” Current Decay B = 0.50 T B = 0.25 T 12 Days

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal Derating Factors: C/P Multipliers (ASC) 1.0  K1.2 Ag Treatment T Field (B  ab) 1 km Length ac Operation2.5 Profit (???)1.3 Accumulated Multiplier 31.6 ! 7.1

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal The Future of BSCCO/OPIT Derated C/P for BSCCO/OPIT Year C/P ($/kA x m) $10/kA  m  1998 ASC J C $10.30/kA  m

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal Malozemoff’s Law ASC “long lengths” 77 K, sf

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal “le cidre et le vin” (apples & oranges) 1000 A rms 3000 A rms

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal Hysteretic ac Loss

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal Cu vs. BSSCO 6 cm dia. Copper Cost: $50/m Current: 1000 A I 2 R Loss: 6 W/m 40 BSSCO Tapes Cost $200/m Current: 4000 A Losses: –ac 4 W/m –cryo/other 2 W/m W/m

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal Cost Recovery Financial Assumptions COF10% Life20 yrs Power0.12 $/kWh

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal Trenching Costs Urban/Suburban$500/m Rural$225/m

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal Wire C/P Market Entry Thresholds Time C/P ($/kA×m) Substation Elimination SMES/FCL/Transformers 70% New UG Cables

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal A Spec Sheet for HTS Wire! What’s Needed? A Spec Sheet for HTS Wire! V = f(I,T,B, , ,A,l, ,  ), whereV = voltage drop per unit length, I = current, T = temperature, B = magnetic field,  = crystallographic orientation,  = frequency, A = cross-sectional area, l = wire length,  = stress,  = strain. C/P  $/I×l = g (V,T,B, , ,A,l, ,  ).

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal Electricity: A Life Necessity California, Summer 1996 Quebec, Winter 1997

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal “You don’t always get what you want…”

P. M. Grant14 July 1999 HTS Wire C/P UpdateMontreal “…you get what you need!”