SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER

Sputnik 1 October 4, 1957 First man-made object to orbit Earth, launched by the U.S.S.R., and remains in orbit until January 4, And this begins the race for space!

Sputnik 2 November 3, 1957 Carried the dog Laika for 7 days in orbit, launched by the U.S.S.R., and remains in orbit until April 13, Laika means “Barker”. Sputnik 2 was never intended to be retrievable. Laika died 4 days after launch due to overheating.

Explorer 1 January 31, 1958 The first U.S. satellite in orbit The Russians launched their rocket in secret so the US was in a hurry to get into the race.

Mercury Freedom 7 May 5, 1961 Carries Alan B. Shepard,Jr., the first U.S. Astronaut into space, in a suborbital flight The Mercury project was the first US project to launch and return a spacecraft safely.

Gemini Program The Gemini program was designed as a bridge between the Mercury and Apollo programs, primarily to test equipment and mission procedures in Earth orbit and to train astronauts and ground crews for future Apollo missions. Each Gemini mission carried two astronauts into Earth orbit for periods ranging from 5 hours to 14 days.

Apollo 11 July 20, 1969 Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin, Jr. make the first manned soft landing on the Moon, and the first moonwalk. “A small step for man, a big step for man-kind.”

What exactly is the function of a space suit? Space suits are checked underwater to make sure there are no leaks. Space suits must provide complete life support, safety, comfort, and mobility when astronaut leave the ship for up to 8.5 hours. Space suits therefore must provide compartments for the storage of food, water, oxygen, and waste, as well as protection from temperature extremes, vacuum, and micrometeoroids. The suit, including gloves, boots, and helmet, contains many subsystems, each with a variety of sensors, transducers, and control elements. One area that needs

Astronauts must carry their oxygen into space with them, because there is no oxygen in space. When they're inside the space shuttle, it's just like being here on Earth - there is air inside made up of Oxygen and Nitrogen that comes from tanks carried on the shuttle. When the astronauts go outside the shuttle in their spacesuits, they breathe pure oxygen from tanks in the backpack of their spacesuit.

Apollo 13 April 11, 1970 Swigert: 'Okay, Houston, we've had a problem here.' Duke: 'This is Houston. Say again please.‘ Lovell: 'Houston, we've had a problem. We've had a main B bus undervolt.' Launched, suffering an explosion in its SM oxygen tanks. Its Moon landing is aborted, and the crew, James A. Lovell, Jr., John L. Swigert, Jr. and Fred W. Haise, Jr., return safely.

Space Stations Extended time to live and work in space More laboratory room and time Study long term effects of space on Humans Equipment Assembled piece by piece Spacecraft transport supplies and astronauts to and from the station

Skylab 1973 – crews 28 – 84 days US space station

Mir B – burns in Earth’s atmosphere Russian (USSR) space station

1998 – 2016 ? ISS International Space Station 5 space agencies representing 15 different countries

Space Shuttle Reusable Earth Orbit ONLY 1 – 2 week missions Supply the ISS Scientific experiments Carry satellites to and from space

The Hubble Telescope 1990 – 2014? 2018? James Webb space telescope

Voyager 1 & 2 Probes ? Space Probes send information back to Earth Sending information about the outer planets back to Earth. The only space crafts to venture to the outer planets.

Mars Space Probes Spirit & Opportunity ?

Mars rover as seen from the Mars Global Surveyor

Earth as seen from Mars

Spaceship One w/ White Knight Private businesses begin to explore space !

Space-X Falcon 9 rocket Dragon space vehicle will supply the ISS !

Sputnik – 1 st artificial satellite 1961 – Vostok 1 – 1 st man in space 1961 – Kennedy “Man on the Moon by the end of the decade” – Mercury Program – launches and recovers safely 1965 – Gemini Program – two working in space 1968 – Apollo program – puts man on the Moon Apollo /20/ – US space station Skylab 1981 – Space shuttle begins 1986 – Russian space station Mir 1990 – Hubble placed in low Earth orbit 1998 – ISS – International Space Station 2004 – 1 st private company in space…(not a government) 2011 – Shuttle retired ???? Moon / Mars / James Webb telescope / ????

Astronauts must take all the food they will need for their stay in space. The type of foods depends on the individual likes and dislikes of the crewmember - so it would be difficult to generalize. Some popular items are the shrimp cocktail and flour tortillas. We in the Nutrition and Food area would like the crew to get an ample source of calcium. For long term missions this is especially important. Many of the items flown on board the Shuttle are very similar to an earth-bound menu - just specially packaged (e.g. thermostabilized, dehydrated).