The Scramble for Africa Unit 2

DO NOW: What does this image make you think about African empires? Term 2: Unit 2: Lesson 7 LO: What was the Scramble for Africa?

Success Criteria MUST: Be able to understand what is meant by the Scramble for Africa Understand what the causes of colonisation were Understand why the Europeans were able to colonise so quickly SHOULD: Understand the concept of Social Darwinism COULD: Make judgements about which of the causes of colonisation were the most important Understand the link between industrialisation and colonialism

African civilizations before colonisation Map showing African civilizations from 500BC-1500AD

By 1876:

The Scramble for Africa Motives for the Colonization of Africa

What was the scramble for Africa? DO NOW: What was the scramble for Africa? Term 2: Unit 2: Lesson 8 LO: Why did Europeans want to colonise Africa?

Causes of colonisation Economic Political Religious Ideological

ECONOMIC MOTIVES: NEED FOR RAW MATERIALS Raw materials were taken out of Africa and used to produce goods back in the home country.

ECONOMIC MOTIVES: NEED FOR NEW MARKETS Source "There are forty million people in the Congo, and the cotton spinners of Manchester are waiting to clothe them " Oxford in Search of Social Sciences, grade 8, 2006

POLITICAL MOTIVES Many European states were in a race to see who could grab the most land and wealth. No country wanted to be left behind Some parts of Africa were on strategic trade routes. In acquiring more land overseas, these countries increased their countries’ wealth It became an issue of status between European Countries

RELIGIOUS MOTIVES Missionary wanted to spread Christianity, and teach people a European way of life

Source "I beg to direct your attention to Africa Source "I beg to direct your attention to Africa. I know that in a few years I shall be cut off in that country, which is now open. Do not let it be shut again! I go back to Africa to try to make an open path for commerce and Christianity. Do carry on the work which I have begun. I leave it with you," David Livingstone Cambridge on December 4, 1857

Justified by the ideology of Social Darwinism IDEOLOGICAL MOTIVES Nationalism and pride National pride meant building up wealth and land. Africa was a place that had lots of land available Justified by the ideology of Social Darwinism

Read top of the worksheet and write one sentence explaining what is meant by SOCIAL DARWINISM

Homework Complete the rest of the worksheet Watch Crash Course Video - What role did the Industrial Revolution play in the Scramble for Africa?

The Scramble for Africa LO: Why were European countries able to colonise so quickly? Term 2: Unit 2: Scramble for Africa: Lesson 9

DO NOW: You have been given a list of the problems which had previously prevented Europeans from colonising Africa and the solutions which allowed the Europeans to colonise Africa quickly in the nineteenth century. For each one, identify why the solution solved the problem.

The Discovery of Quinine The discovery of quinine enabled Europeans to explore and colonise Africa without fear of getting Malaria

Rivalries between different African Leaders Rivalries between different African leaders meant that the colonists could use this in fighting to their advantage. The kingdoms were weak from in-fighting It often meant that the colonisers took the African leader's power and land

Natural disasters In 1895 there was a huge drought that effected many parts of Africa. This meant that there were a shortage of food because the crops had failed. There was a plague of locusts, that arrived during this time devastating any food stores that were left As a result they had little to strength to fight colonial powers

The introduction of the machine gun to Africa The invention of the machine gun was devastating for the cause of African people. Their weapons were not as sophisticated or as effective as European weapons. With the the machine gun the Europeans were able to take land by force and very quickly.

Transport Earlier European exploration in Africa was limited because the only mode of transport were horses. African horse sicknesses meant that Europeans were limited in being able to travel inland. With the invention of the steam ship, Europeans would travel up Africa’s rivers and access the inland territories.

How did industrialisation affect the Scramble for Africa?

The Berlin Conference 1884

Why did it happen when it did? There had been a series of mini scrambles over territory in Africa and the tension around taking over new colonies was building. Bismarck wanted to keep the balance of power, while still ensuring that Germany benefitted. There was a growing sense in European countries that having colonies in Africa would lead to wealth and prestige.

The final result: Africa completely colonised

Turn to page 149 in your reader. Do Activity 4 questions 2 - 3

Exit Ticket: What was the most important reason that Europeans were able to colonise so quickly?