PERIOD 2: From Jamestown to Global Conflict

Ch. 3 Essential Questions- Day 1  1. Why did Chesapeake planters shift from using indentured servants as laborers to black slaves?  2. Describe Bacon’s Rebellion. What caused the conflict, how did it play out, and what was the result?

Ch. 3 Essential Questions- Day 2  1. Why did colonial New Englanders abandon John Winthrop’s vision of a “city upon a hill”?  2. What factors facilitated the extension of slavery from the English Caribbean to Carolina?  3. In What ways did the middle colonies differ from other English colonial regions?

Ch. 3 Essential Questions- Day 3  1. How did the French and Spanish colonies in mainland North America differ from those of England?  A. Copy your key terms & create a graphic timeline from Chapter 3 on a separate sheet of paper

CHAPTER 3: THE EMERGENCE OF COLONIAL SOCIETIES,

AP FOCUS  Similarities and differences amongst the colonial regions, focusing on:  Geography  Politics  Economics  Religion  Social structure  Religious toleration and separation of church and state  Impact of Puritanism  Indentured servitude and chattel slavery  Native Americans perspective of colonial expansion  Colonial unrest

The Thirteen Colonies

 New England Colonies  mostly Puritan  success through both agriculture and commerce

 Middle Colonies  diverse in populations/ culture  main export: cereal crops and tobacco  labor intensive economy fueled by indentured servants & chattel slavery

 Chesapeake & Southern Colonies  staple crops (tobacco, sugar)  large population of enslaved Africans  labor intensive economy built around chattel slavery

Chesapeake Society  Tobacco Shapes a Region, 1630–1670  Headright system- Landowners would receive an extra 50 acres of land for every servant imported

Chesapeake Society  Bacon’s Rebellion,  Gov. Berkeley (Tidewater Aristocrats) vs. Nathaniel Bacon (back country farmers)

Chesapeake Society  From Servitude to Slavery  % of population is slave, 80% of unfree labor

“British- American” System of Slavery  Rigid racial hierarchy  The Atlantic Slave Trade grows due to:  1. an abundance of land  2. a shortage of indentured servants  3. no means to enslave native people  4. growing European demand for colonial goods

Ch. 3 Essential Questions- Day 1 (Review)  1. Why did Chesapeake planters shift from using indentured servants as laborers to black slaves?  Following 1660, the lack of profit in tobacco sales, accompanied with the slowed rate of colonial immigration—due to higher wages in England—transitioned colonial economic systems away from indentured servitude and toward chattel slavery.  2. Describe Bacon’s Rebellion. What caused the conflict, how did it play out, and what was the result?  Land disputes—beginning between Doeg Indians and a Virginia farmer—resulted in the murder of 28 Indians and English settlers. Governor Berkeley (VA) offers to up the amount of patrols, but the colonists want more. Under the leadership of Nathaniel Bacon, they defy the governors order and begin hunting Indians. After the Governor orders them back, Bacon’s militia attack Jamestown and burn it down. Bacon’s rebellion resulted in a growing fear of “land- hungry” former servants and gave rise to racial inequality toward Native Americans.

Puritanism in New England  “A City Upon a Hill”  John Winthrop- Gov. Mass. Bay Colony  Massachucetts extends voting rights to all adult male “saints”

Puritanism in New England (These are instructions, you don’t have to write)  Read the source: John Winthrop’s City Upon a Hill, 1630  Analyze the document using SOAPSTone  Discuss with your small groups the importance of the document, be prepared to share with the class

Puritanism in New England  Speaker- (The voice that tells the story)  Occasion- (The time and the place of the piece; the context that prompted the writing)  Audience- (The group of readers to whom this piece is directed)  Purpose- (The reason behind the text)  Subject- (Key themes and concepts)  Tone- (The attitude of the author)

Ch. 3 Essential Questions- Day 2 (Review)  1. Why did colonial New Englanders abandon John Winthrop’s vision of a “city upon a hill”?  2. What factors facilitated the extension of slavery from the English Caribbean to Carolina?  3. In What ways did the middle colonies differ from other English colonial regions?

Primary Source “Dig”  (Answer the Questions for Discussion on the Gilder Lehrman handouts. It doesn’t have to be in this order and you DO NOT have to write the question. Answer in complete sentences.)  A. A Jamestown settler describes life in Virginia, 1622  B. John Winthrop describes life in Boston, 1634  C. The surrender of New Netherland, 1664