 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 1 SFC Sigma Frequency Controlled Compressors

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 2 Why Variable Speed Drives (VSD) are Desirable Match power to demand Minimum in-rush starting current Near perfect motor power factor Regulate work flow Decrease flow of product or mixture

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 3 Typical Power Consumption vs. CFM Demand for Compressors with Modulation Control

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 4 SFC Unit Matches the Power to the Demand Typical Power Consumption vs. CFM Demand for Compressor with SFC Control

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 5 Minimum In-Rush Starting Current

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 6 Unlimited motor starts per hour “Unloaded Time”- maximum one minute % AIR DEMAND Load no-load Unloaded time TIME 100% 50% 0% 100% 50% 0% Six starts per hour “Unloaded Time” - ten minutes SFC Control Minimum Unloaded Power

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 7 Measurement of how efficiently power is used 460 VAC  Power factor relates the difference to an angle  At any given instance, inductive loads may require more power than the motor rating Power Supplied = kW Power Used = 150 kW Power Supplied = 160 kW An Explanation of Power Factor

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 8 When a power factor is perfect, the power supplied at any given instance is exactly equal to the power used. 460 VAC Power companies typically charge a higher rate for facilities with a poor power factor. Power Used = 150 kW Near Perfect Power Factor Means Lower Power Costs Power Supplied = 150 kW

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 9 Input power matches demand Fine pressure band to +/- 1 psig Minimum unload time Low starting in-rush current Near unity power factor Longer motor/airend life Fast return on investment Summary of Advantages

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 10 Summary of Advantages Control meets UL standards Oversized controller Improves power factor to 99% Soft start included Unlimited starts per hour Protection from phase loss and incorrect direction of rotation All parameters factory preset

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 11 SFC Exclusives Optimized Sigma Profile Airends Very high efficiency More airends Increased displacement Large airends = Slower speeds Improved sealing between rotor tip and housing New Original

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 12 Sigma Control TM interface Standard Kaeser motors MASTERDRIVE on SFC 18 and up MICROMASTER on SFC 18S and below Drive cabinet ventilation fan(s) Shielded motor cables Power separation Oversized IP54 rated cabinet Shielded control cables SFC Exclusives

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 13 EPAct-compliant TEFC drive motors Standard Siemens MASTERDRIVE on SFC 18 and up (MICROMASTER on SFC 18S and below) Complete low sound enclosure Pressurized fluid drain 4-micron inlet filter SFC Standard Features (Optional on Competitive Units)

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 14 Removable enclosure panels Powder-coat paint High-efficiency radial cooling fan(s) High-efficiency separator Internal and external vibration isolators SFC Standard Features (Optional on Competitive Units)

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 15 Refrigeration compressors Centrifugal fluid pumps Conveyor systems HVAC systems Soft start applications Mixers Generators Regenerative blowers Positive displacement blowers Traditional VSD Applications

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 16 How Does the SFC Work?

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 17 AC power enters here (fixed voltage and frequency). AC power is converted to DC. The DC voltage output is stabilized (regulated). Control logic calculates pulse time intervals for desired voltage and frequency. Control logic signals each of (6) insulated gate bipolar transistors to open or close, creating pulses of DC power which simulate an AC output. AC-DC Converter DC-AC Converter (IGBT) DC Link AC Motor + - Standard three phase induction motor responds to varying DC pulses by varying the motor speed. Pulse Width Modulation Frequency Drive

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 18 Time DC Voltage + - Pulses of DC power cause current to flow in a sinusoidal (AC) path. Pulse Width Modulation Frequency Drive

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 19 Radio interference suppression filters AC Power In SFC Drive Components

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 20 Radio interference suppression filters Contactor SFC Drive Components

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 21 Radio interference suppression filters Contactor Line reactor * SFC Drive Components * Only on SFC 18 and larger models

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 22 Radio interference suppression filters Contactor Line reactor Frequency converter input SFC Drive Components

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 23 Radio interference suppression filters Contactor Line reactor Frequency converter input Frequency converter capacitors SFC Drive Components

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 24 Radio interference suppression filters Contactor Line reactor Frequency converter input Frequency converter capacitors Frequency converter power inverter SFC Drive Components

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 25 Radio interference suppression filters Contactor Line reactor Frequency converter input Frequency converter capacitors Frequency converter power inverter Frequency converter output SFC Drive Components

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 26 Proper SFC Application For Multi-Unit Installations

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 27 00:0000:45 01:3002:15 03:0003:45 04:30 05:15 06:00 06:4507:30 08:15 09:0009:4510:30 11:15 12:0012:45 13:30 14:1515:0015:45 16:30 17:15 18:00 18:4519:30 20:15 21:0021:4522:30 23: cfm Air Flow Demand SFC Base Load 1 SFC SFC Unit: First to Load, Last to Unload

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 28 p (psig) 110 SFC OFF Δp SFC Package 2 OFF Δp1 SFC regulating pressure 100 Δp2 SFC ON Δp3 90 Min. air main pressure Time Package 1 ON Package 2 ON Package 3 OFF Package 1 OFF Package 3 ON 85 SFC Unit: First to Load, Last to Unload

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 29 SFC too small What is a Control Gap? SFC Needed

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 30 max. = 242 cfm min. = 55 cfm load = 237 cfm unload = 0 cfm Time FAD / air consumption Base load 1 BSD 50 Variable load SFC 37 Control range What is a Control Gap?

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 31 1) A control gap is created any time a demand could exist that would cause more than one compressor to cycle. Variable load Control range customer’s air demand Control gap SFC cycles FAD / air consumption Time What is a Control Gap?

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 32 2) With the SFC undersized, each time a base load compressor comes on another control gap is created. FAD / air consumption Time Variable load Base load 1 Variable load Control range SFC cycles Demand = 244 cfm Base load 1 = 237 cfm SFC load = 7 cfm (Base load 1 cycles) What is a Control Gap?

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 33 3) The more base load units there are, the more control gaps are created. FAD / air consumption Time Variable load Base load 1 Variable load Base load 1Base load 2 Variable load Control range SFC cycles Demand = 486 cfm Base load 1 = 237 cfm Base load 2 = 237 cfm SFC load = 12 cfm (Base load 2 cycles) Base load 1 cycles What is a Control Gap?

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 34 A control gap exists when demands may cause more than one compressor to cycle. Control gaps can occur in multi-unit installations with or without variable speed compressors. To avoid control gaps in variable speed applications, the largest cycling base load compressor must be smaller than the SFC’s control range. What is a Control Gap?

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 35 Example: Select a properly sized SFC for our customer’s system if they already have (2) BSD 50 compressors. Proper Application of the SFC unit SFC Needed

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 36 Solution: Step 1: What is the capacity of the largest cycling base load compressor? psig Calculate SFC 55 control range control range = max. speed - min. speed control range SFC 55 = = 299 cfm Step 2: Select a compressor with a control range that is slightly larger than the capacity of the largest cycling base load compressor: Proper Application of the SFC unit

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 37 A SFC 55 could be selected when using BSD 50 base load units to eliminate control gaps. Proper Application of the SFC unit

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 38 max. = 381 cfm min. = 82 cfm load = 237 cfm unload = 0 cfm Time FAD / air consumption Variable load SFC 55 Control range Base load 1 Proper Application of the SFC Unit

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 39 1) Even properly sized, a single control gap may occur if the customer’s demand can be very low. SFC cycles FAD / air consumption Time Variable load SFC 55 Control range Customer’s air demand Proper Application of the SFC Unit

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” FAD / air consumption Time 381 Variable load SFC 55 Variable load SFC 55 Control range Base load 1 Demand = 383 cfm Base load 1 = 242 cfm SFC load = 139 cfm (SFC speed slows) 2) As demand increases and base load units are loaded, the SFC is still left with enough demand to operate in its control range. Proper Application of the SFC Unit

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 41 FAD / air consumption Time Variable load SFC 55 Variable load SFC 55 Base load 1 Variable load SFC 55 Control range Base load 1 Base load 2 Demand = 625 cfm Base load 1 = 242 cfm Base load 2 = 242 cfm SFC load = 131 cfm (SFC speed slows) ) So the SFC is able to slow down and speed up to match all the compressors’ output capacity to the existing demand capacities without control gaps! Proper Application of the SFC Unit

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 42 Applied as part load compressor ( % loaded) First compressor on/ last off Proper Application of the SFC Unit

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 43 Applied as part load compressor ( % loaded) First compressor on/ last off Narrow pressure band Large load variances with no pattern High power cost Areas with rebates Areas with power factor penalties Proper Application of the SFC Unit

 2008 Kaeser Compressors, Inc., USA (V4.1) SFC Product Introduction “Specifications are subject to change without notice” 44 22% 18% 10% 50% Energy Maintenance SFC Savings Purchase Price 13% 10% 77% Maintenance Typical Installation Purchase Price SFC Installation Comparison of Typical “Real-Life” Savings