T. Kramer, CERN TE/ABT FCC-week 2016, Rome, Italy Acknowledgements

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Presentation transcript:

FCC-hh Injection and Extraction Kicker Topologies and Solid State Generators T. Kramer, CERN TE/ABT FCC-week 2016, Rome, Italy Acknowledgements D. Barna, M.J. Barnes, W. Bartmann, F. Burkart, L. Ducimetière, T. Fowler, B. Goddard, J. Holma, A. Lechner, J. Rodziewicz, V. Senaj, T. Stadlbauer, D. Woog

Outline of presentation Requirements Magnet Inductive Adder and Marx Generator Injection Redefined requirements Segmented kicker system Extraction Considerations on dilution pattern Kickers and generators Dilution CERN TE-ABT FCC-hh Beam Transfer Systems TE Special Technologies WP 3 Slides to be seen in context with the presentations of this morning (W. Bartmann, B. Goddard and F. Cerutti). FCC-hh Injection and Extraction Kicker Topologies and Solid State Generators 13/04/2016

Injection Kicker System Requirements Focused studies on 3.3 TeV injection energy (lower energy variants are less demanding to design). 3.3 TeV pulse duration is limited to 2.25 µs for machine protection reasons. Final system impedance depends on system optimization outcome. Unit Injection Kinetic Energy TeV 3.3 Available system length m 150 Deflection angle mrad 0.3 Field rise/fall time (0.5 % - 99.5 %) ns 280 Field flattop duration µs 2.25 Field flattop ripple % ± 0.5 System impedance Ω 5 ? Repetition rate Hz up to 115 FCC-hh Injection and Extraction Kicker Topologies and Solid State Generators 13/04/2016

Injection Kicker Magnet Delay line type magnet (will be initially based on the LHC injection kicker design). System will be much shorter than the available length of 150 m. Inside vacuum. Optimized beam screen. Additional magnet requirements Magnet filling time ns ≤ 200 Magnet current kA 2.6 Magnet voltage kV 13 FCC-hh Injection and Extraction Kicker Topologies and Solid State Generators 13/04/2016

Injection Generator: Inductive Adder Design ongoing, impedance and dielectric evaluated (oil), magnetic cores specified. Characterization of components started. Assembly of prototype planned for 2017. Prototyping will profit from CLIC high precision developments. Successful development will have benefits for the CERN accelerator complex. Additional generator requirements: Generator current kA 2.6 Output voltage range kV 1.3 to 13 Output pulse rise time (0.5%-99.5%) ns 80 FCC-hh Injection and Extraction Kicker Topologies and Solid State Generators 13/04/2016

Injection Generator: Inductive Adder Energy stored in distributed capacitors. Capacitors are partially discharged via SiC MOSFET switches in parallel branches. Several layers add up to the required output voltage. 𝐴 c pulse capacitor SC-switch 𝐼 sec stalk (secondary) stacked layers magnetic core 𝐼 prim primary winding insulation parallel branches PCB Advantages: Modularity: the same module design can be used for different voltage/current specifications; Short rise and fall times can be achieved; Output pulse voltage can be modulated -> very good flat top quality. Switches and control electronics are referenced to ground. Disadvantages: Output transformer limits maximum pulse length to typically ~3 μs; Poster: “Inductive Adder Type Solid-State Pulse Modulator Development for Kicker Systems of the Future Circular Collider” by D. Woog et al. FCC-hh Injection and Extraction Kicker Topologies and Solid State Generators 13/04/2016

Injection: Marx Generator Alternative solution for longer flat top requirement. Capacitors charged in parallel, and discharged in series  high voltage output. No output transformer  maximum pulse length limited by droop of capacitor voltage. Modularity: the same design can be used for different voltage specifications. Switches and control electronics are not referenced to ground. Fail safe circuits to be investigated. No modulation layer. Proposal to develop a high power Marx Generator, under Portugal 2020 programme, for replacing thyratrons and PFN/PFL has been submitted. Poster: “Marx Generator Solid-State Pulse Modulator Application to Kicker Systems of the Future Circular Collider” by M.J. Barnes et al. FCC-hh Injection and Extraction Kicker Topologies and Solid State Generators 13/04/2016

Extraction Kicker System QF QD Septa Horiz. Vertical S. protection Dump Block QD protection Part of a safety critical system: Up to 8.5 GJ to be safely extracted and dumped. Extraction Kickers & Generators Horizontal Dilution Kickers & Generators Vertical Dilution Kickers & Generators Dilution Initially challenging requirements. BT-Optics team developed very beneficial layout! Started with ultra high current considerations (tr=10µs). Evolved to a fast but segmented system for machine protection and feasibility reasons. Unit Extraction Dilution Kinetic Energy TeV 3.3 to 50 Available length m 130 150 Deflection angle mrad 0.13 0.21 Field rise time (0.5-90%) µs 1 Field flattop duration ≥ 333 ~350 Magnet current kA 0.5 to 8 11 Output voltage range kV ~10 ~20 FCC-hh Injection and Extraction Kicker Topologies and Solid State Generators 13/04/2016

Extraction Kicker Magnet Preliminary Design Concept : Based on (robust) LHC extraction kicker design. Outside vacuum (ceramic chamber). Segmented system (300 units per beam): Allows for low inductance and fast rise time Impact of one unit on beam <1σ 10 “Hot spares” included (increases system availability) With the help of the developed beam optics we succeeded to achieve reasonable design values! Parameters (per module) Number of Modules 300 B.dl [T.m] 0.076 k [µrad] 0.517 B [T] 0.25 Length [mm] Inductance [µH] 0.38 Current [kA] 7.3 Voltage [kV] 10 * Aperture (h/v) [mm] 36/36 * assuming additional circuit inductance (1µH) FCC-hh Injection and Extraction Kicker Topologies and Solid State Generators 13/04/2016

Extraction Kicker Generator One generator per Magnet (10 kV / 7.3kA / 1µs system rise time) Challenge: Compensation stage to be designed for 330 µs. Long flat top needs some thought (compensation circuits). Possibly using GTO switch technology: long “on” state duration (330µs) – segmented system (lower current helps a lot vs. very high current concept) Promising developments within the “wide band gap” sector. Direct laser triggering being investigated. Again reasonable basic design values achieved but: Reliability will be extremely important! Radiation effects will be a serious issue which needs to be addressed. Controls and trigger (re-trigger) interface will be challenging. Poster: “Prospects for laser triggering of large arrays of semiconductor switches” by Janusz Rodziewicz Talk: “Controls architecture challenges for beam dump kickers” by P. Van Trappen, Thursday FCC-hh Injection and Extraction Kicker Topologies and Solid State Generators 13/04/2016

Dilution Kicker System Dump pattern crucial for survival of dump block! No crossing, 1.8 mm minimum bunch separation. Spiral seems to be the only good solution. Painting inwards to ease hardware design. Resulting dump radius of ~600 mm! Talk: “Absorber for beam dumping ” by A. Lechner et al. Poster: “FCC Dump Pattern Studies” by D. Barna (Wigner Institut) Same radiation concerns as for extraction! Horiz. and vertical system could use the same generator design. Vertical generators would be triggered at 90 degree of horizontal sine wave (= 5µs @50kHz). Ok for scheduled dump but for asynchronous events only the horiz. dilution is available immediately. (First 5 µs of beam would be painted on a horizontal line before the spiral starts.) Impact to be checked. FCC-hh Injection and Extraction Kicker Topologies and Solid State Generators 13/04/2016

Dilution Kicker Magnets Unexpectedly the most challenging system! Highest B.dl to deliver and aperture of the vertical system increases with length. Introduced 2 vert. magnet types. Quad after horiz. kickers for “over focusing” under study. Short magnets to allow for 3-turn coil and higher dilution frequency. High number of magnets: Impact of missing (or misbehaving) unit lower (to be optimized). Unit Value B.dl Tm 35 Lever arm m 2800 Angle mrad 0.21 Max. deflection 0.588 Design frequency kHz 50 Unit Horiz. Vert.1 Vert. 2 max. B-field T 0.85 0.5 0.4 Magnetic length m 0.9 Horiz. aperture mm 62 81 104 Vertical aperture 40 58 Horizontal Vertical 2 Vertical 1 39 48 43m 54 m Total length ~150m FCC-hh Injection and Extraction Kicker Topologies and Solid State Generators 13/04/2016

Dilution Kicker Generators Magnet Inductance [µH]* I [kA]* U [kV] ** Horizontal 5 9 22 Vertical 1 4.8 10.8 20.5 Vertical 2 4.4 11 19 * For magnet with three turn coil. ** 1µH considered for additional circuit Inductance. Reasonable main capacitance: 1.8 µF Amplitude decay needs to be improved to avoid getting higher density towards the centre. FCC-hh Injection and Extraction Kicker Topologies and Solid State Generators 13/04/2016

Summary/Outlook Three challenging kickers systems in FCC-hh (Injection, extraction, dilution). Development of semiconductor generators will also have a benefit for the CERN accelerator complex. A segmented extraction system topology has been developed. Since the basic ideas have settled, interfaces to reliability engineering, risk assessment and machine protection need to be addressed next. Radiation hard design needs to be studied. Several international collaborations on kicker technologies established/proposed. Initially challenging basic design requirements have been translated together with all collaborators and the TE-ABT team into a feasible design draft no technology show stopper identified yet! Nevertheless: the big challenge will be the system safety and reliability!! Discussions on the presented topics are very welcome! FCC-hh Injection and Extraction Kicker Topologies and Solid State Generators 13/04/2016

Grazie per l’attenzione! Thank you for your attention! FCC-hh Injection and Extraction Kicker Topologies and Solid State Generators 13/04/2016