Part 11 Concrete repairs - sealing of cracks and waterproofing (Part 11, PP 2007, animation+p/r : DEMO) ready Copyright notice Unauthorised copying of this presentation as whole or in parts in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permision is prohibited. 1

From outside or inside? In most cases the answer is obvious. Above to the left office building at the one of the main streets in Stockholm City. Below resin grouting of water bearing cracks in the basement of post office building close to the Central Railway Station The subject of following presentation the treatment of leaking cracks and other faults in the concrete. from inside The different methods applied from inside are discussed and evaluated. All cases presented are based on the own experiences. 2 ready

Contents: 1. Cracking in concrete. 2. Various forms of cracking in the concrete. 3. Comments from the literature concerning crack repairs. 4. Resins in practical crack grouting. 5. Grouting with cement-bentonite slurry. 6. Injection with epoxy resins. 7. Epoxy grouting without drilling. 8. Injection with polyurethanes. 9. Construction joints with injection hoses for post grouting with resins. 10. Construction joints with hydrophlylic waterstops and strips. 11. Injection with acrylic resins. 12. Masonry impregnation with acrylic resins. 13. Sealing of construction joints with polyurethane resins. 14. Sealing of expansion joints with polyurethane resins. 15. Completion of repairing works at expansion joints. 16. Waterproofing with clay panels and clay based water stops. 17. Surface treatment of leaking cracks in the concrete with epoxy mortar. 18. Surface treatment of leaking concrete with cement based mortars. 19. Surface treatment of leaking concrete with epoxy. 20. Surface treatment of leaking concrete with surface treatment. 3 ready

Early-age thermal cracks in the basement of post office building and communication tunnels under railway yard 4 ready

Summary of various forms of cracking in the concrete 5 ready

CompressionContracion Elastic tension Plastic tension Plastic deformation Rupture Tensile stress Compressive stress Elastic deformation Frictional change of length due to temperature increase Tensile strenght Elastic deformation Time ! Continuous edge restrain of concrete wall cast of the base causing early-age thermal cracks 6 ready

epoxy resin Different methods for grouting with epoxy resin with: 1.Mechanical packer. 2.Steel pipes and half plastic hose mounted in chipped bed. 3. Fitting pipes ready

Grouting with epoxy resin with steel pipes and half plastic hose mounted in the chipped bed Reality: no communication with the crack, concrete corns from chipping, forming paste with water seaping from the crack SIKA mortar 8 ready

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PUepoxy Differences between PU and epoxy grouting of cracks in the concrete wall Foam 2 Foam 1 Epoxy paste Epoxy losses Limited PU losses 11 ready

Drilling and grouting principles for the concrete slab 12 ready

Simple hand pumpfor water flushing through the packers PU resins and membrane pump for 1-comp. PU resins 13 ready

packer Early-age thermal crack of ca. 0,30 mm sealed with polyurethane resin polyurethane resin through the φ=19 mm mechanical packer inserted into core drilled hole 1 mm 14 ready

0,30 mm Polyurethane resin Polyurethane resin (wrong named as foam) in the re-open crack from the previous page due to skrinkage of concrete (not polyurethane). Grouting was performed to early; however the crack was still dry. 15 ready

epoxiPU Cracks grouted with epoxi (fluorescent light), re-grouted with 1-comp. PU PU Epoxy 16 ready

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concrete Construction details 19 ready

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RASCOflex grouts are used for remedial waterproofing both in general construction work and for special civil engineering applications to prevent the infiltration or loss of water or other liquids, or simply to consolidate rock and subsoil. acrylic resins polyurethanesepoxy Impact One feature which distinguishes acrylic resins from other plastics-based grouts is their capacity, after polymerization, to swell locally upon contact with water. The benefits of this particularly for a remedial waterproofing system, are clear enough, since, unlike polyurethanes and epoxy resins, for instance, these grouts do not require adhesion to the sides of the joint or crack to ensure a permanent seal. Even heavily soiled or oily bases hardly affect the results achieved by RASCOflex. Features : High frost resistance. Suitable in all situations. High chemical resistance. Reactive and reversible swelling action. Suitable for potable water applications. No adhesion required to sides of joint/crack. acrylate grouts Crack sealing with acrylate grouts 22 ready

RASCOflex system 23 ready

PU Construction joints - the sealing method using PU resin at Stockholm C. PU On the right semi- elastic final form of reacted PU PU foam 24 ready

PU Dilatations - the sealing method using PU resin at Stockholm C 25 ready

Completion of repairing works at expansion joints of Completion of repairing works at expansion joints of cut & cover underground tunnel in Warszawa 26 ready

bentonite Installing of bentonite based waterstops 27 ready

Cut & cover underground tunnel in Warszawa. epoxy mortar Different stages of concrete repair with epoxy mortar - stage ready

epoxy based mortar Temporary sealing of removed concrete parts with rapid reacting epoxy based mortar 29 ready

Office building in Pruszcz Gdański/ Polen (2002) - basement protected with DOW system. Restoring proposal with bithumene membrane DERBIGUM GC and pumping wells DERBIGUM GC Bithumene membrane DERBIGUM GC 30 ready

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Thank You for Your attention! Ph.D Civ. Eng. Tomasz Najder Senior Consultant Senior Consultant Movägen 3, SE Saltsjöbaden - Sweden Tel:Fax: Tel: 0046 (0) Fax: 0046 (0) Mobil: Mobil: 0046 (0) Org. no: – 2148 ready 32