Warm up: What does a white blood cell do? What system is it a part of? What type of animals get their nutrients through their pores? What system helps provide oxygen to the body? Which system will help maintain homeostasis the most?

DEFENSE and SUPPORT: Muscular and Skeletal Systems

Skeletal System: produces immune cells to protect against disease causing bacteria and viruses. Muscular system: coordinates with the nervous system to help animals escape predators. How do these systems provide DEFENSE and SUPPORT?

The main organs of the muscular system are the _________. Muscles work by ________ when they contract. There are ___ types of muscles. muscles pulling 3 Muscular System:

Types of Muscles: 1. _________________: These muscles are usually attached to _______ and allow for the movement of ______. Since these muscles can be controlled by a person, they are known as __________ muscles. These muscles also help maintain our posture and protect internal organs. Skeletal Muscle bones voluntary limbs

a. Muscles are attached to bones with a special connective tissue known as a _______. tendon

Types of Muscles: 2. ________________: This type of muscle is found within the walls of organs like the ___________, _________, and the __________ allowing these organs to ________ and ________. Smooth muscle is not under conscious control, so it is known as ____________ muscle. Smooth Muscle intestines diaphragm bladder involuntary Image by Theresa Knott expandcontract

-Smooth muscle also helps move food through your digestive tract via the process peristalsis.

Types of Muscles: 3. _______________: This type of muscle is not under your control, so it is also considered ____________. It is only found in the _______ which is why it is called ________ muscle. Cardiac Muscle involuntary heart cardiac

a. Skeletal muscles work in _____. In your arms, your _______ cause it to bend while your _______ cause it to straighten out. pairs biceps triceps Characteristics and Functions:

b. Muscles use a large amount of ________. This requires them to produce large amounts of the energy molecule called _____. These molecules are produced in the _____________ through the process of cellular respiration. This is why there are a greater than average number of mitochondria in ________ cells. energy ATP mitochondria muscle

c. Cellular respiration requires the body to absorb ________ gas. When ____ cannot be absorbed fast enough, the body produces a compound known as __________. oxygen lactic acid O2O2

Organization of Life: Muscular System Cell Muscle Fiber (Myofibril) Tissue Skeletal Smooth Cardiac Organ Bicep Stomach Heart Organ System Muscular System

Muscular Body System Interactions: Digestive System: smooth muscle found in the stomach and intestinal tract helps move digested food through the body. Circulatory /Respiratory System: products of cellular respiration (CO 2, lactic acid) from the muscular system are removed via the blood stream. Nervous System: signals muscles to contract for movement and response to environmental stimuli.

d=b8345a f-b025-cca180e81b1e Pushing the Limits: Strength: Muscles: Superhuman Strength Fun Facts  Adults have a set number of muscle cells; exercise enlarges the cells, but does not create new cells.  A single muscle cell in the human thigh muscle can extend up to 12 inches long.  The leg muscles of a locust are about 1000 times more powerful than an equal weight of human muscle.  The muscle that lets your eye blink is the fastest muscle in your body. It allows you to blink 5 times a second.

The main organs of the skeletal system are the bones. Bones work with muscles to move, protect and support sensitive internal organs, store minerals and make blood cells. Skeletal System:

Evolutionary Trends of the Skeletal System Simple Complex

a. Bones are attached to other bones with special connective tissues known as _________. ligaments Characteristics and Functions

b. A place where one bone attaches to another is called a joint. Types of Joints: -Ball-in- Socket -Hinge -Gliding -Pivot

c. Bones are a living part of your body that contain _________ tissue to send and receive information, as well as blood vessels to bring the __________ and ________ gas that is necessary for the bones’ health and growth. nervous nutrients oxygen

d. Bone is composed of two types of tissue: – Spongy: soft, interior layer of bone tissue. Site of red blood cell production Less dense Contains bone marrow – Compact: outer layer of tissue surrounding bone. Stores minerals – Calcium. Extremely dense and strong

e. Bone _________ is found inside of bones. This tissue is responsible for creating new _______ cells in animals. These cells are a vital part of the ___________ system. marrow blood circulatory Photo by Steve Fruitsmaak

f. Bones are protected at joints by a thin layer of cartilage. Cartilage is softer and more flexible than bone tissue and cushions the joints.

Organization of Life: Skeletal System BONE TISSUE: Compact or Spongy BONES: Femur, Tibia, Patella BONES: Femur, Tibia, Patella SKELETAL BONE CELL: OSTEOCYTE

Skeletal Body System Interactions: Circulatory System: bones help produce new blood cells in addition to storing minerals transported by the circulatory system. Muscular System: bones and muscles work in opposing pairs to perform body movement. Muscles and bones support, protect, and maintain posture for the human body. Nervous System: bones protect many vital organs of the nervous system – Skull (brain), Vertebrae (spinal cord).

Fun Facts At birth the human skeleton is made up of around 300 bones. By adulthood, some bones have fused together to end up with 206 bones. Human bones grow continually from birth till our mid 20's. Our skeleton's bone mass is at its maximum density around the age of 30 Like our skin, the human body's bones are also constantly worn down and re-made, to the point where every 7 years we essentially have a new bone.skin The area of our body with the most bones is the hand, fingers and wrist where there are 54 bones.

Pushing the Limits: Strength: Bones: Strong and Flexible d=b8345a f-b025-cca180e81b1e