New Centers of Civilization The Phoenicians and The Israelites

The Phoenicians

New group on the scene A new group of people in Palestine A new group of people in Palestine Located by the Mediterranean Sea Located by the Mediterranean Sea Grew in power after the fall of the Egyptian Empire Grew in power after the fall of the Egyptian Empire

Assert their power Power grew from trade The Mediterranean Sea was their method of travel Trading brought them allies, wealth and foreign goods Cultural infusion – borrowed and lent cultural ideas and goods

Due to their extensive trading, Phoenicians were excellent ship builders and sailors Due to their extensive trading, Phoenicians were excellent ship builders and sailors

The Phoenician Alphabet

22 letter Alphabet ►T►T►T►The first people to use letters to represent sounds ►S►S►S►Sounds were put together to form words ►T►T►T►Their alphabet was borrowed by their trading partners ►C►C►C►Cultural infusion at its finest!!!!!! ►F►F►F►First the Israelites borrowed the alphabet ►T►T►T►The Greeks used and changed the alphabet ►T►T►T►The Romans modified it more, and eventually the English made the final change ►O►O►O►Our Alphabet today is called the Roman Alphabet Walk Like A Phoenician

A First ► Judaism was the first monotheistic religion ► The other two major monotheistic religions Islam and Christianity, formed directly out of Judaism ► Considered the three major religions of the world ► ??????????????

Israelites of Palestine Lived and ruled over Palestine Lived and ruled over Palestine Made their capital in Jerusalem Made their capital in Jerusalem Their King was Solomon Their King was Solomon The first great King of the Israelites The first great King of the Israelites He built a great temple for the Jewish people He built a great temple for the Jewish people Known as “Solomon the Wise” Known as “Solomon the Wise”

King Solomon The Wise and his Temple

Was he wise? The Israelites came to King Solomon when they needed help. One day two women came to him with a baby boy. The women said they lived in the same house. They each had a baby, but one of the babies died. Now both women wanted the baby that was alive. Each mother said he was her baby. They wanted King Solomon to tell them who could keep the baby. The Israelites came to King Solomon when they needed help. One day two women came to him with a baby boy. The women said they lived in the same house. They each had a baby, but one of the babies died. Now both women wanted the baby that was alive. Each mother said he was her baby. They wanted King Solomon to tell them who could keep the baby.

Decisions Decisions  Solomon wanted to find out which woman was the baby’s mother. He had a wise plan. He asked for a sword. He told a servant to cut the baby in half. He would give half of the baby to each woman. Solomon would not really let the baby be cut in half. He wanted to see what the women would do. He knew the baby’s mother would not let her son be hurt. The Wise Decision

Solomon Dies  The Jewish Kingdom divides into two  Originally there were 12 tribes of Judaism  After Solomon’s death, 10 tribes went north into Assyria  They were soon conquered and split up

Gave up their Jewish way of life and were absorbed into various religions Known as the “Ten Lost Tribes” The other two tribes went south and became the “Kingdom of Judah” They continued their Jewish way of life

Monotheism One God – Yahweh, created and ruled the earth One God – Yahweh, created and ruled the earth Yahweh is not part of nature, he created nature Yahweh is not part of nature, he created nature Yahweh was everyone's God, whether you believed in him or not Yahweh was everyone's God, whether you believed in him or not This must be true since he created people This must be true since he created people

Three aspects of Judaism An agreement between God and his people Follow God and his laws The Covenant

The Law Man must obey the law of God The laws are stated in the Ten Commandments The Ten Commandments

The Prophets Prophets are messengers of God Teach religion Inform the people of what God wants of man and how they will be punished if they do not follow the laws Prophets were supposed to be compassionate

The Torah The Jewish religion was unique due to monotheism It was also unique because Judaism’s stories and laws were documented The religion was recorded in what is called the Torah NO DEBATE