The Planting of English America ( ) Chapter 2

A. England’s Imperial Stirrings 1 Century after Columbus, 10% of the known N.A. population in North America survived 1 Century after Columbus, 10% of the known N.A. population in North America survived Thousands of African slaves worked in plantations in Haiti and Spanish South America Thousands of African slaves worked in plantations in Haiti and Spanish South America North America was largely untouched as of the 1600’s North America was largely untouched as of the 1600’s Spain: Santa Fe in 1610 Spain: Santa Fe in 1610 France: Quebec in 1608 France: Quebec in 1608 English: Jamestown 1607 English: Jamestown 1607 The Reformation was occurring in Europe The Reformation was occurring in Europe

B. Elizabeth and England Queen Elizabeth was a protestant, Spain was largely Catholic Queen Elizabeth was a protestant, Spain was largely Catholic encouraged piracy of Spanish Sir Francis Drake Sir Francis Drake This privateer netted 4,600% to his financial to England Newfoundland Newfoundland England’s 1st attempt at colony in the New World Sir Humphrey Gilbert Roanoke Island (1585) Roanoke Island (1585) Led by Sir Walter Raleigh Mysteriously vanished

Philip II of Spain attempted to invade England in1588 Philip II of Spain attempted to invade England in The Spanish Armada is defeated by smaller, better-manned English ships 1588 The Spanish Armada is defeated by smaller, better-manned English ships *This battle marked the beginning of English dominance in N.A.* *This battle marked the beginning of English dominance in N.A.* Also led to heightened nationalism throughout England Also led to heightened nationalism throughout England

C. England on the Eve of Empire During the 17th century, England was growing rapidly During the 17th century, England was growing rapidly From 1550 to 1600, the population grew from 3 to 4 million From 1550 to 1600, the population grew from 3 to 4 million English landlords forcing small farmers off of their land English landlords forcing small farmers off of their land Law of primogeniture meant that only oldest sons got inheritance Law of primogeniture meant that only oldest sons got inheritance Thus, a large unemployed population wondered across Europe Thus, a large unemployed population wondered across Europe The joint stock company emerged The joint stock company emerged forerunner of the modern corporationforerunner of the modern corporation People pooled together their capital, which provided the financial means to begin colonization of North AmericaPeople pooled together their capital, which provided the financial means to begin colonization of North America

D. Jamestown A joint stock company called The Virginia Company of London received a charter from James I to settle in the New World A joint stock company called The Virginia Company of London received a charter from James I to settle in the New World Promised gold and riches A strong desire to find passage through to the Indies *The Charter of the Virginia Company* *The Charter of the Virginia Company* Overseas settlers had the same rights as Englishmen back home

V.C set sail in 1606 and landed at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay V.C set sail in 1606 and landed at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay Found an area on the James River on May 24, 1607 and called it Jamestown Found an area on the James River on May 24, 1607 and called it Jamestown Settlers were ill- prepared gentlemen looking for gold, had no idea how to hunt/fish, etc. Settlers were ill- prepared gentlemen looking for gold, had no idea how to hunt/fish, etc.

Captain John Smith Captain John Smith Took over the colony in 1608 Took over the colony in 1608 Made peace with Powhatan Indians Made peace with Powhatan Indians Pocahontas became the intermediary between the two people Pocahontas became the intermediary between the two people Still, Jamestown suffered Still, Jamestown suffered The Starving Time, winter of The Starving Time, winter of Colonists died in drovesColonists died in droves Reduced to eating Dogs, cats, rats, and mice and even digging up corpses for foodReduced to eating Dogs, cats, rats, and mice and even digging up corpses for food

E. Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake Powhatan Indians dominated the area of the James River Powhatan Indians dominated the area of the James River Relations between Indians and English remained tense Relations between Indians and English remained tense Starving colonists raided Indian villages Starving colonists raided Indian villages Lord de la Warr arrived in Jtown in 1610 and declared war on Powhatan’s Lord de la Warr arrived in Jtown in 1610 and declared war on Powhatan’s Called the First and Second Anglo-Powhatan Wars Called the First and Second Anglo-Powhatan Wars By 1646, Powhatan’s defeated By 1646, Powhatan’s defeated Powhatan’s victim of the 3D’s: Disease, Disorganization, and Disposability Powhatan’s victim of the 3D’s: Disease, Disorganization, and Disposability

F. Virginia and Tobacco John Rolfe, saved the Virginia colony with tobacco John Rolfe, saved the Virginia colony with tobacco Virginians obsessed with growing it and English buying it Virginians obsessed with growing it and English buying it Need for land caused to expand again into Indian lands Need for land caused to expand again into Indian lands Tobacco profitable, but damaged soil, required lots of labor, and made people rely on one crop Tobacco profitable, but damaged soil, required lots of labor, and made people rely on one crop *Representative government began in Virginia* *Representative government began in Virginia* House of Burgesses 1619 House of Burgesses 1619 Same year, slaves brought to Jamestown Same year, slaves brought to Jamestown

G. Maryland and Catholicism Maryland founded in 1634, by Lord Baltimore, a prominent Catholic Maryland founded in 1634, by Lord Baltimore, a prominent Catholic Created as a haven for Catholics Created as a haven for Catholics Extremely tolerant of religious ideas (except Jews and atheists) Extremely tolerant of religious ideas (except Jews and atheists) Grew tobacco Grew tobacco Initially used White indentured servants as workers Initially used White indentured servants as workers Eventually swarmed with protestants, Baltimore passed Act of Toleration Eventually swarmed with protestants, Baltimore passed Act of Toleration Gave legal protection to CatholicsGave legal protection to Catholics

H. The West Indies By the 1650’s, England had secured much of the West Indian Islands, including the Bahamas (West Indies) By the 1650’s, England had secured much of the West Indian Islands, including the Bahamas (West Indies) Sugar foundation of West Indie’s Econ. Sugar foundation of West Indie’s Econ. Sugar cane expensive to produce, needed lots of labor, thus a rich man’s crop Huge slave plantations in Haiti, Lived by Barbados Slave Code Denied slaves the most basic of rights Tobacco was called the poor man’s crop, small farmers, easy to produce Tobacco was called the poor man’s crop, small farmers, easy to produce

I. Colonizing the Carolinas English civil war in 1620s caused a pause in colonization English civil war in 1620s caused a pause in colonization 1670 Charles II on the throne creates Carolinas 1670 Charles II on the throne creates Carolinas Carolinas had close ties with sugar colonies in West Indies Carolinas had close ties with sugar colonies in West Indies Many from West Indies migrated there, brought slaves Many from West Indies migrated there, brought slaves Eventually, began a North American slave trade Eventually, began a North American slave trade Slaves included blacks and Indians Slaves included blacks and Indians Rice was an important crop to the Carolinas Rice was an important crop to the Carolinas Charles Town the major seaport in America Charles Town the major seaport in America

J. North Carolina Virginian outcasts and criminals moved down into Carolinas Virginian outcasts and criminals moved down into Carolinas Raised tobacco, small farmers, etc Raised tobacco, small farmers, etc Aristocratic Virginia and Aristocratic South Carolina Aristocratic Virginia and Aristocratic South Carolina N.C. was the most democratic and independent thinking colony N.C. was the most democratic and independent thinking colony

K. Georgia Last of the 13 colonies to be planted Last of the 13 colonies to be planted Was supposed to act as a buffer to protect from the Spaniards and the French Was supposed to act as a buffer to protect from the Spaniards and the French Originally, did not allow slaves Originally, did not allow slaves Georgia a melting-pot, German Lutherans, Scottish Highlanders, etc. Georgia a melting-pot, German Lutherans, Scottish Highlanders, etc. No Catholicism allowed No Catholicism allowed

L. The Plantation Colonies Distinct features shared by Southern colonies: Distinct features shared by Southern colonies: 1) Lots of land, agricultural1) Lots of land, agricultural 2) Staple crops of tobacco and rice2) Staple crops of tobacco and rice 3) Slavery (1750 in GA.)3) Slavery (1750 in GA.) 4) Wealthy, aristocratic (except N. Carolinians)4) Wealthy, aristocratic (except N. Carolinians) 5) Not a lot of education5) Not a lot of education 6) Some religious toleration, but mostly Catholic6) Some religious toleration, but mostly Catholic