Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1-1 Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

1-2 C HAPTER P REVIEW Definition History Approaches Health And Wellness Careers

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1-3 P SYCHOLOGY How many of you have an acquaintance who is a psychologist? Those of you who do not personally know a psychologist still have an idea of what psychology is. Where did your idea come from?

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1-4 P SYCHOLOGY The scientific study of behavior and mental process Systematic methods What can be directly observed Thoughts, feelings, motives

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1-5 S CIENCE OF P SYCHOLOGY Critical Thinking Skepticism Objectivity Curiosity When we’re thinking about behavior and mental processes, why would we want our thinking to be “critical”?

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1-6 S CIENCE OF P SYCHOLOGY Critical Thinking Skepticism Objectivity Curiosity What is the value of skepticism?

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1-7 P SYCHOLOGY – A G ENERAL S CIENCE Not Limited to Psychological Disorders Positive Psychology – emphasizes human strengths

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1-8 N ARCISSISM E PIDEMIC ? Narcissism – usually self-confident self-assertive self-centered Generation Born Since 1980s “More narcissistic than early generations” vs. “Attitudes have been stable over time” Are you more narcissistic than your parents?

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1-9 H ISTORY OF P SYCHOLOGY Western Philosophy Biology and Physiology Wilhelm Wundt ( ) 1879 – established 1 st psychology lab Wundt’s Structuralism – structures of the mind – introspection systematic, detailed self-report

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education H ISTORY OF P SYCHOLOGY Western Philosophy Biology and Physiology Wilhelm Wundt ( ) William James ( ) James’ Functionalism functions / purposes of the mind mind’s interactions with outside world stream of consciousness Why is human thought adaptive?

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education H ISTORY OF P SYCHOLOGY Western Philosophy Biology and Physiology Wilhelm Wundt ( ) William James ( ) Charles Darwin ( ) – On the Origin of Species, 1859 – psychology and evolution

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education P SYCHOLOGY AND E VOLUTION Natural Selection – competition for resources – favors genetic characteristics that promote reproduction and survival – environmental changes alter course of evolution

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education C ONTEMPORARY A PPROACHES Biological Behavioral PsychodynamicHumanistic Cognitive Evolutionary Sociocultural

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education B IOLOGICAL A PPROACH Neuroscience nervous system structure function development genetics biochemistry The brain is the physical basis of all thoughts and emotions

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education B EHAVIORAL A PPROACH Environmental Determinants of Observable Behavior Reject Explanations Referencing Thought Notable Behaviorists – Ivan Pavlov – John Watson – B.F. Skinner

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education P SYCHODYNAMIC A PPROACH Freud Psychoanalysis – unconscious thought – conflict between biological drives and demands of society – early childhood family experiences

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education H UMANISTIC A PPROACH Positive Human Qualities/Potential Free Will Notable Humanistic Theorists – Carl Rogers – Abraham Maslow

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education C OGNITIVE A PPROACH Mental Processes Involved in Knowing Information Processing how humans interpret incoming info, weigh it, store it, and apply it

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education E VOLUTIONARY A PPROACH Explanations of Human Behavior: – adaptation – reproduction – natural selection Notable Evolutionary Psychologist – David Buss

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education S OCIOCULTURAL A PPROACH Social and Cultural Environments Differences – between ethnic and cultural groups – within and across countries

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education C AREERS IN P SYCHOLOGY Practice / Applied Research Teaching

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education A REAS OF S PECIALIZATION Physiological Psych / Behavioral Neuroscience Sensation and Perception LearningCognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Motivation & Emotion Psychology of Women and Gender Personality Psychology Social Psychology Industrial / Organizational Psychology Clinical & Counseling Psychology Health Psychology Areas Of Specialization

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education I NFLUENCE OF C ULTURE Individualistic Cultures – individuals viewed as unique and distinct from their social group – value independence Collectivistic Cultures – emphasize social group and the individual’s role within that group – value interdependence In your opinion, which is a worse character flaw, being a pathetic “door mat” or being selfish and mean?

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education I NFLUENCE OF C ULTURE Individualistic Subjects – prefer to work on tasks that they have had previous success with – like to emphasize their successes Collectivistic Subjects – prefer to work on tasks that they have difficulty with – self-critical view Would you rather work on a hobby that is easy for you, or difficult?

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education H EALTH AND W ELLNESS Mind-Body Connection – how the mind impacts the body – how the body impacts the mind

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education C HAPTER R EVIEW Explain what psychology is and describe the positive psychology movement. Discuss the roots and early scientific foundations of psychology. Summarize the main themes of the seven approaches to psychology. Identify areas of specialization and careers in psychology. Describe the connections between the mind and the body.