City of Pasadena Analysis of Police Oversight Models Kathryn Olson Change Integration Consulting, LLC Barbara Attard Accountability Associates

Who We Are  Consultants in police accountability and transparency  Past presidents of the National Association of Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement (NACOLE)  Presenters at conferences and training events  Work together on US and international projects  Co-authors of Police Misconduct Complaints Investigation Manual and articles on police oversight

Analysis of Police Oversight – 3 Phases of Project  Phase 1: Stakeholder input and document review Meetings, Website portal, Neighborhood Association outreach, review previous studies of Pasadena PD  Phase 2: Research and Analysis of Oversight Models  Phase 3: Written Report - Oversight Recommendations Presentation to City Council and Public Safety Committee

Phase 1– Themes from Stakeholder Input—PPD Support  Support and confidence in the PPD - oversight is not needed o Chief Sanchez has high expectations for PPD officers o PPD investigates complaints, force, and issues discipline o PPD is diverse and provides sensitivity training o There is more crime in Northwest Pasadena o Money should be spent on other pressing needs o Talk of oversight is impacting PPD officer morale

Phase 1– Themes from Stakeholder Input—PPD Concerns  Assertion that PPD polices minority communities differently – oversight is necessary o PPD engages in racial profiling and selective enforcement o Officers use excessive force and need de-escalation training o Community concerns about PPD are not heard o The misconduct complaint process is not fair or useful o More Spanish speaking officers are needed o PPD uses tactics that impact the community with no explanation

Phase 1– Themes from Stakeholders about Oversight  Many testified that police oversight is needed in Pasadena (including those who expressed confidence in the PPD) o Provides a bridge between the community and PPD o Enhances communication, outreach, transparency, and accountability  Stakeholder requirements for oversight in Pasadena o Must be independent o Must have ample authority to have positive impact o Should contribute to police policies/practices/training

Analysis of Police Oversight – Phase 2 of the Project  Researched 23 existing police oversight entities o 16 located in California charter cities o 3 in California non-charter cities o 4 outside of the state  Aspects of authority and structure specified in RFP o How oversight personnel are selected o Role in the complaint process and appeals o Role in reviewing police policy o Estimated cost and reporting structure o Access to police personnel and case files o Public information sharing

Phase 2 - Authority and Structure of 23 Oversight Entities No two oversight entities are alike!  Appointment/Reporting Structure: o Professional staff typically appointed by & report to City Manager; sometimes dual report o Commissioners or Board members typically appointed by and report to City Council  Complaint authority: o Six agencies investigate complaints o Twelve monitor or audit complaints  Policy Review: All but one makes policy recommendations  Access to Confidential Information and Reporting: Access is dependent upon model but most produce public reports

Phase 2 – Estimated Annual Costs of 23 Oversight Entities Studied  Wide range in costs of oversight in California  Independent police auditor-type models o Five part-time, with some staff support: $26,000 - $200,000 o Two full-time IPA-type offices with staff: $250,000 - $1,284,500  Boards and commissions o Most have volunteer members (may receive small stipend) with staff support from another department o Cost range from: No line budget - $115,000 (dedicated staff)  Investigative entities (may include commissions) o Costs range from $240,000 to $6 million

Police Oversight in Pasadena  Two-Part Accountability Program o Independent Police Auditor  Experienced oversight practitioner  Focus on critical incidents and polices/practices/training  Monitor misconduct complaint investigations o Police Accountability Commission  Residents representing cross-section of Pasadena  Work to enhance PPD/community communications  Authority to impact policing in Pasadena

Anaheim Oversight Model  Pilot Project: Enhanced Independent Police Auditor (IPA) and Public Safety Board (PSB) o IPA: role expanded to include real time monitoring of critical incidents and investigations, including officer- involved shootings and other use of force. o PSB: nine-member board with authority, to review budget, staffing levels, policies and practices, and critical incidents such as shootings, force and in-custody deaths.

Functions of Oversight to Consider  Accept and refer complaints  Investigate complaints  Monitor or audit internal affairs investigations  Conduct reviews of patterns of misconduct  Roll out to critical incidents  Conduct hearings and recommend findings  Handle discipline appeals  Recommend improvements to police policy/practices/training  Report on oversight and its impact on policing  Foster community engagement about police and oversight  Facilitate alternative dispute resolution or community reconciliation

Benefits of Oversight  Promotes greater accountability and transparency  Enhances quality control and risk management  Supports effective policing  Provides an avenue for community involvement  Increases public confidence and trust in the police  Protects civil rights

Expectations for Civilian Oversight  Knowledgeable about police practices, investigations, criminal law and procedure  Impartial and objective - considers all sides of a situation and re-evaluates when needed  Complies with confidentiality laws and evidentiary standards  Communicates with police stakeholders  Engages the community  Inspires respect and confidence

Oversight for Pasadena?  Is oversight right for Pasadena? o Despite a high level of confidence in PPD, stakeholders are interested in the development of police oversight in Pasadena.  What would oversight in Pasadena look like? o We recommend a blended IPA and PAC approach, providing professional oversight and community involvement.

Thank You! For further information  Kathryn Olson Change Integration Consulting, LLC  Barbara Attard Accountability Associates