Quiz, punctuation rules 7 & 8 Principles of the Enlightenment  The Declaration of Independence  What are the ‘core American principles’ contained in the beginning of the DOE? “Unalienable Rights?” Native Americans and America’s Founding  Chief Seattle “The Indians’ Night Promises to Be Dark”  Geronimo – His Own Story Homework:  Punctuation rules 9 & 10  Read The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equina, pages

Early American Literature

 Philosophical Process: The Science of Man  Through the power of reason, humanity will liberate itself from the fetters of ignorance, superstition, and despotism  By applying the scientific method to the human world, humanity can uncover society’s defects and achieve appropriate reforms  Political Tenants:  Humans are born inherently good, benevolent, virtuous, and compassionate  Humans are endowed with natural rights: liberty and equality  Individuals are intellectually autonomous and self-governing  Governments, when unchecked, corrupt and enslave humanity  Freedom of thought and expression should be preserved  The progressive advancement of knowledge will promote subsequent material and moral progress

 Advance knowledge through – a question 1. Conjecture (hypotheses) 2. Predictions of logical consequences 3. Testing/experiments 4. Analysis of results

 Human Nature: Individuals are essentially moral and rational  The State of Nature: Human beings are born free, rational, and equal  Blank Slate: Knowledge is derived from experience  Natural Rights: Humans are endowed by Nature with fundamental rights: the right to life, liberty, and property Social Contract: Because of the uncertainties inherent in the state of nature, men consent certain freedoms to civil government and the will of the majority  Separation of Church and State: The state is a purely human creation: it’s authority does not derive from God, and churches, therefore, should exercise no political authority  Constitutional Government: The power to govern derives from the consent of the governed  Right of Rebellion: People have the right to dissolve the government if it opposes the will of the governed

 The Declaration of Independence- Opening.docx The Declaration of Independence- Opening.docx

 The Declaration of Independence- Core American Principles.docx The Declaration of Independence- Core American Principles.docx

 “Savages we call them, because their Manners differ from ours, which we think the Perfection of Civility. They think the same of theirs.”  ~From “Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America”

 widely publicized speech arguing in favor of ecological responsibility and respect of Native Americans' land rights has been attributed to him.  he pursued a path of accommodation to white settlers

 Apache Leader  Geronimo: His Own Story  (As told to S. M. Barrett in 1905)

 Geronimo: His Own Story 1. What is the source of conflict between the white men and Native Americans? 2. What atrocities does Geronimo claim the white men committed? 3. What is Geronimo’s hope for the future?  Chief Seattle “The Indians’ Night Promises to Be Dark” 1. According to Chief Seattle what has happened to his people? 2. What differences does Chief Seattle note between the “Red Man” and the “White Man?” 3. What future does Chief Seattle see for the “White Man” and the “Red Man?”