7-3.2 Vocabulary  1. Napoleonic Code  2. Napoleonic Wars  3. Continental System  4. Nationalism  5. Congress of Vienna  6. Junkers  7. Realpolitik  8. Unification

Napoleonic Codes  Law code devised by Napoleon Bonaparte during his reign as Emperor

Napoleonic Wars  series of wars fought by Napoleon for control of Europe

Continental System  the term for Napoleon’s blockade of Britain

Nationalism  Extreme pride in your country or ethnic group

Congress of Vienna  1814 meeting to return Europe to the way it was BEFORE the Napoleonic Wars

Junkers  conservative group in Germany: Bismarck was a member

Realpolitik  Bismarck’s policy of blood and iron: “the politics of reality”

unification  joining together of separate states/countries to form one powerful, UNITED country

The Napoleonic Wars and Nationalism Standard 7-3.2

1. Napoleon’s Empire  After crowning himself emperor, Napoleon created the Napoleonic Codes that created a new legal system in France- equality, right to choose a career, and religious toleration.  The Napoleonic Wars began in 1804 and by 1812, Napoleon controlled most of Europe.  Napoleon was never able to control Russia or Great Britain.

2. Napoleon’s Downfall A. Napoleon made 3 major mistakes: A.Blockade of Britain (Continental System)- kept ships from ports on the mainland of Europe B.Peninsular War C.Invasion of Russia

3. The End of Napoleon A. After that Napoleon was captured and exiled to the island of Elba. B. He escaped and Napoleon returned to Paris where he regained control for 100 Days. C. At the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was finally defeated and sent to the island of St. Helena where he died in 1821.

4. Effects of the Napoleonic Wars  Nationalism (the belief that one’s greatest loyalty is to a shared culture rather than to a leader or border) spread! –Enlightenment ideas spread –Napoleon tried to impose French culture on conquered countries –Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite became the rallying cry for revolutions all over Europe!

5. The Congress of Vienna A. In 1814, European leaders met in Vienna, Austria to return Europe to the way it was before the French Revolution. B. Their goal was to bring a Balance of Power that would prevent any single nation from controlling Europe. C. It was too late! Over the next century, groups of people either joined together in unification, or splintered.

Assorted European Upheavals  Greeks rebel against the Ottoman Empire  1830s- Belgium, Italy and Russia  Liberal revolutions across Europe are suppressed by conservative groups  France- After allowing 2 more kings to rule, France establishes a parliamentary system. Soon afterwards, the President declares himself Emperor. :-/

6. Unification of Germany  The German Confederation was comprised of 39 loosely joined states. Austria and Prussia were the largest and most powerful.  German leaders wanted to unify all the states in order to become even more powerful.

6. Unification of Germany cont.  The Prussian leader was Wilhelm I, a member of the Junkers, a conservative political party.  The Prussians were embroiled in militarism, the glorification of a military culture.  His Prime Minister was Otto von Bismarck who ruled through the policy of realpolitik, or the “politics of reality.” –Bismarck was determined that unification of Germany would occur by using blood and iron.

6. Unification of Germany cont.  The Germans fought 3 wars of Unification with Denmark, Austria, and France. –1. Austria and Germany formed an alliance to take land from Denmark. –2. Bismarck provoked Austria into beginning the Seven Weeks War. –3. By changing the wording of the Ems Telegram, Bismarck provoked France into declaring war on Germany.  After the Franco-Prussian War, German unification was complete!

7. UNIFICATION OF ITALY A. Italy was also divided into multiple states. B. Count Camillo di Cavour planned to unite Northern Italy. C. Giuseppe Garibaldi, the leader of the Red Shirts, used guerrilla warfare to win control of Southern Italy. D. In 1861, northern and southern states agreed to become a united Italy, ruled by King Victor Emmanuel II.

8. The End….  After the wars of unification, the great powers of Europe remained at peace for over forty years despite the occasional nationalist dispute…  Dun, Dun, DUN………