Study Questions 1. What were the 5 major reasons why WWI began? 2. Who was the Prime Minister of Prussia during its expansion efforts? Pg What are Natural Resources? Pg What country did Kaiser Wilhelm II rule over? Pg. 408

Review  Nationalism  Nation-States  Collapsing Empires  Prussia Expands  Ethnic Tension  Alliances

California State Standard  10:5:1  Analyze the arguments for entering into war presented by leaders from all sides of the Great War and the role of political and economic rivalries, ethnic and ideological conflicts, domestic discontent and disorder, and propaganda and nationalism in the mobilizing the civilian population in support of “total war.”

Objectives 1. What were the four major sources of tension in the years leading up to WWI? 2. List the countries that made up the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente. 3. What single event led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia?

Marching Toward War Chapter 13.1 Chapter 13.1 Main Idea: In Europe, military buildup, nationalistic feelings, and rival alliances set the stage for a continental war. Why it Matters Now: Ethnic conflict in the Balkan region, which helped start the war, continue to be a source of tension in the 20 th cent. And beyond.

European Rivals European/ Powers  Germany  Austria-Hungary  Great Britain  Italy  France  Russia (Europe/ Asia)

Beginning of the Great War (Objective 1)  1900 Europe had been at peace for over 30 years.  Some Euros thought war was a thing of the past.  Europe will not continue this trend.  4 factors lead to war Nationalism Nationalism Militarism Militarism Imperialism Imperialism Alliances Alliances

Nationalism  Nationalism – Extreme Pride/Loyalty, feeling of devotion to your nation  Unifies Nations (Brings the people of a nation together)  Creates Competition (you want to be stronger than the other “team”) Nationalism Analogy

Imperialism  Imperialism- Competition for colonies, or a powerful country taking advantage of a weak one.  Competition for Natural Resources  New Markets  Strategic Military locations **Territorial disputes occur Territorial Standoff

Militarism Militarism  Great military=strong nation  By 1914 everyone but Great Britain had a large standing army Britain was an “island” nation: What Branch of the military was their specialty? Britain was an “island” nation: What Branch of the military was their specialty?  They also begin planning speedy mobilization  All leads to Militarism: glorifying the military and keeping the army in constant readiness glorifying the military and keeping the army in constant readiness

Tangled Alliances  Rivalries and Mistrust lead to the Creation of Military Alliances.  Bismarck – PM of Germany saw France as the greatest threat to peace, so he took it upon himself to isolate France.  “ As long as it is without allies France poses no danger to us” Bismarck Bismarck

Triple Alliance 1881: Objective 2  Germany  Austria-Hungary  Italy (1881) Bismarck negotiates treaty between Germany and Russia (1881) Bismarck negotiates treaty between Germany and Russia Italy Germany Austria-Hungary

Bismarck is out!  Kaiser Wilhelm II takes over Removes Bismarck as PM Removes Bismarck as PM Wilhelm did not want to share powerWilhelm did not want to share power Obsessed with the army Obsessed with the army Let Russian treaty expire Let Russian treaty expire Russia forms an alliance with... France!Russia forms an alliance with... France! Builds up German Navy Builds up German Navy Wants it equal to British Navy Wants it equal to British Navy  Brits concerned & ally w/ France

Triple Entente 1907: Objective 2  Great Britain  France  Russia Russia Great Britain France

The Balkans  The Balkans known as the “powder keg” of Europe Home to many ethnic groups Home to many ethnic groups Austrian empire controls area, but by 1900 empire begins to crumble Austrian empire controls area, but by 1900 empire begins to crumble  Some countries free themselves: Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia

 Serbia Wanted to unite Slavic people Wanted to unite Slavic people Russia Russia Large Slavic population/ Support SerbsLarge Slavic population/ Support Serbs Austria Austria Contains Nat. revolutionsContains Nat. revolutions

Austrians Cause Problems  1908 Austria seizes Bosnia Serbia (Slavic) Vowed to take these countries back Serbia (Slavic) Vowed to take these countries back

Shot Rings Throughout Europe  Franz Ferdinand—heir to Austrian throne—went to Sarajevo (capital of Bosnia)  Black Hand – Secret society for the independence of all Serbs  Franz Ferdinand attends reception at Town Hall Franz Ferdinand

Shot Rings Throughout Europe Cont. Objective 3  June 28 th 1914: -Heir was traveling in open car -SHOT!  Killer: Gavrilo Princip Member of the Black Hand (Terrorist Group)

WAR!: Objective 3  Austria blames Serbia since it was a Serb who did the shooting  Austria wanted a full investigation with conditions  Serbia and Austria go to war on July 28 th 1914  Same day, Russians mobilize troops on Austrian border: Russia Allies with Serbia  European leaders try to stop conflict (they are not successful

Video: Franz Ferdinand  c c c

Objectives 1. What were the four major sources of tension in the years leading up to WWI? 2. List the countries that made up the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente. 3. What single event led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia?