Climatology The scientific study of _____________.

What is climate? long-term pattern of weather in a particular area According to National Geographic, climate is: ◦ a region’s weather patterns, tracked for more than 30 years

Koeppen Classification System Based on 3 things: ◦ 1. ◦ 2. ◦ 3. ____ main divisions: ◦ Tropical, _____, dry, __________, polar and high elevation *We will discuss the divisions more when learning about Biomes.

What allows different climates? Location based on LATITUDE ◦ Lines that measure _______ or _______ but are drawn _________ & _________ ◦ Reference point is the _____________

Why does it depend on latitude? Different amounts of _____________. Tilt of axis Divides the Earth into ___ zones: ◦ *color and label on your world map*

3 climate zones

Natural Climate Changes Topographic effects ◦ Large bodies of water (oceans) affect the climate due to it’s physical properties Air Masses ◦ ***Main cause of weather*** ◦ Formation affected by amount of solar radiation received over region of origins  *because air masses take on the characteristics of where they form*

Man made climate changes Human activities???? ◦ Refer to air-pollution review sheet

Not so constant climate? Climate is usually constant but occasionally there are some surprises ◦ Droughts ◦ Flooding ◦ El Ni ño & La Niña

El Ni ño You need your videos worksheets National Geographic video Understanding El Nino NOAA El Nino 2015

Where are we talking about?

Cut-outs Color & add inserts to notebook Add notes under correct picture Make a section for effects

El Ni ño (warm phase) An atmospheric & oceanic disturbance Non El-Ni ño conditions El Ni ño conditions Air pressure higher in Eastern Pacific High pressure weakens Strong southeast trade windsSurface current reversed Pacific warm on western sidePushes warm water across equatorial pacific toward Eastern side (Indonesia/Phillipines)* Thermo cline (distinct layer where ocean temp is much cooler) deeper on western side Thermo cline deeper in eastern Pacific (warmer water sits of the coast of North Western South America) Upwelling off the coast of PeruUpwelling repressed (?)

Effects of El Ni ño Drought in SE Asia & Austraila Strong winter storms on US West Coast Corals are sensitive ◦ Effects food webs **Use video worksheet to add more**

La Ni ña (cold phase) An atmospheric & Oceanic disturbance COLD counterpart to El Ni ño Characterized by : ◦ Stronger trade winds  Low pressure over warm western portion of Pacific, high pressure over cold eastern portion ◦ Strong upwelling of cold water in Eastern Pacific  Which creates a COLDER than normal equatorial Pacific ocean

La Ni ña (cold phase)

Surface temp image

Microclimates a localized climate that differs from the main regional climate Ex: heat islands ◦ climate is warmer than surrounding areas ◦ occurs in large areas of ________ and ________