Climate and Terrestrial Biodiversity G. Tyler Miller ’ s Living in the Environment 14 th Edition Chapter 6 G. Tyler Miller ’ s Living in the Environment 14 th Edition Chapter 6

Chapter 6 Day 1 “ Who ’ ll Stop the Rain ” Creedence Clearwater Revival Tests 25 Notes35 Biomes 30

Chapter 6 Day 2 “ Elephant ” Pete Seeger Warm-up 20 Burlese funnel Lab 50 Debrief Lab 10 Talk about Forecast 20 Talk book selection

Chapter 5 Day 1 “Ghost World” Amy Mann “Ghost in a Crowd” Sister Hazel Chapter 5 Notes

Chapter 5 Day 3 “Blue Skies” Willie Nelson Chapter 5

Key Concepts  Factors influencing weather- short term weather events  Factors influencing weather- short term weather events  Factors influencing climate- formed over decades climate is long term weather patterns  Factors influencing climate- formed over decades climate is long term weather patterns  Effect of climate on distribution of biomes  Characteristics of major biome types

Chapter 6 Day 3 “ November Rain ” Guns and Roses Notes

Seasons… Climate or Weather? Fig. 6-7 p. 106

Climate  Temperature  Precipitation  Uneven heating  Seasons  Earth ’ s rotation  Properties of air and water Fig. 6-5 p. 105

Figure 6-8 Page ºN 30ºN 0º 30ºs 60ºS Cold deserts Westerlies Forests Hot deserts Northeast trades Forests Equator Hot deserts Forests Southeast trades Westerlies Cold deserts

Air Circulation Fig. 6-8, p. 107 Fig. 6-10, p. 107

Weather basics Weather often caused by leading edge of fronts –Warm front boundary between warm front and cold air it replaces –Cold front air stays close to ground associated with thunder storms. Jet stream large air mass which circles the earth strong influence on weather patterns

Weather often caused by leading edge of fronts –Warm front boundary between warm front and cold air it replaces –Cold front air stays close to ground associated with thunder storms. Jet stream large air mass which circles the earth strong influence on weather patterns

Weather: A Brief Introduction  Weather  Warm front  Cold front  Weather extremes Fig. 6-2 p. 102

Thunderhead cloud the result of a when advancing warm air meets retreating cold air

Drill:

Figure 6-3 Page 103 Descending cool air Severe thunderstorm Tornado forms when cool downdraft and warm updraft of air meet and interact Rising warm air Severe thunderstorms can trigger a number of smaller tornadoes Rising updraft of air Warm, moist air drawn in

Hurricane in NH Typhoon in SH Rising winds exit from the storm at high altitudes. The calm central eye usually is about 24 kilometers (15 miles) wide. Moist surface winds spiral in towards the center of the storm Gales circle the eye at speeds of up to 320 kilometers (200 miles) per hour.

Climate ???

Short-Term Climate Changes: ENSO Fig p. 108

El Nino Usually noticed around Christmas time Westerly winds weakened or reversed Occurs when a change in the direction of the surface winds warms the coastal surface waters and suppress upwellings off the coast of SA. EN Surface Oscillation- change in the pressure near Tahiti due to this change Surface waters warm along Northern south America causes upwelling to slow or stop. Has global effects but locally is measured off the coast of South America and in Tahiti

El Niño Unusually warm periods Unusually high rainfall Drought

La Nina Opposite in terms of the effect on upwellings and pressure in Tahiti but has different effects on global climate

La Nina Cooling counterpart to El nino More Atlantic Hurricanes Colder winters in Canada and NE Warmer drier winters in south east and southwest US Wetter in Pacific NW Very wet (flooding) in Southeast Asia Wildfires in Fl

Wind Movement of surface water Diving birds Nutrients Upwelling Fish Zooplankton Phytoplankton South America

Where is El Nino, La Nina, Normal?

NOAA

Cool Animations

El Niño Unusually warm periods Unusually high rainfall Drought

Greenhouse Effect  Greenhouse gases Fig p. 110

Rain Shadow Effect  Microclimates  Leeward/ Windward  Microclimates  Leeward/ Windward Fig p. 110

Microclimates Mountains –Altitude –Shadow Cities –Heat island effect Ocean –Sea breezes

Biomes: Latitude and Altitude Fig p. 112 Refer to Fig p. 112

Biomes: Climate and Life on Land  Relationship between latitude and altitude  Desert Biomes  Grassland, Tundra and Chaparral Biomes  Forest Biomes  Mountain Biomes

Desert Biomes  Tropical deserts Refer to Fig p. 114  Temperate deserts  Cold deserts

Tropical Desert

Grassland, Tundra, and Chaparral Biomes  Tropical grasslands and Savannas  Temperate grasslands  Polar grasslands (Arctic tundra)  Permafrost  Alpine tundra  Chaparral Refer to Figs. 6-23, 6-24, and 6-25 pp

Temperate grassland (Lawrence, Kansas) Temperate Grassland

Forest Biomes  Tropical rainforest  Temperate deciduous forest  Evergreen coniferous forest (boreal forest)  Temperate rain forest Refer to Figs. 6-29, 6-30, 6-31, and 6-32 pp

Mountain Biomes  Mimic latitude  Islands of biodiversity

What factors influence the amount of sun that hits the earth?

The low latitudes are near the poles.

What factors moderate temperature?

Which biomes tend to be most fragile? Why?

What threats exist for each biome?

Which biome has the greatest Diversity? Why?