JOSE A.S. SANTIAGO M.D.

2 The Skin Largest organ of the body Two layers Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous layer-hypodermis Not part of skin

3 The Skin

Epidermis Outer layer of the skin Consists of epithelial tissue(epithelium) No blood vessels or nerves 4

Epidermis Melanocytes- cells that produce melanin Melanin- pigment responsible for skin color 5

Epidermis Keratinocytes- cells that produce keratin Keratin- protein found in hairs, nails,palms and soles of feet 6

Dermis Connective tissue Contains hair follicles, blood vessels, nerves, and glands Thermoregulation Four types of cells: Fibroblasts Macrophages Mast Cells Plasma Cells 7

Subcutaneous Tissue Not part of skin Connects dermis to the muscles and organs below Fatty tissue Insulates structures from temperature extremes 8

Related Organs Hair Nails Glands Sebaceous glands- produce sebum Sudoriferous glands- produce sweat Ceruminous glands- produce cerumen 9

10 Additional Roots Cry/ocold Leuk/owhite Papill/onipple-like Scler/ohardening Xer/odry

11 Additional Suffixes -ismprocess -ium; -umstructure -sisstate of; condition

12 Roots Albin/owhite Albinism –lack of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes

13 Roots Adip/ofat Adipose –pertaining to fat

14 Roots Bi/olife Skin biopsy-piece of skin is removed for microscopic examination

15 Roots Cutane/o skin Subcutaneous –pertaining to under the skin

Roots Cyan/o-blue Cyanotic-bluish discoloration of the skin 16

Roots Derm/o; dermat/o-skin Dermatitis- inflammation of the skin 17

18 Roots Diaphor/e -profuse sweating Diaphoresis

Roots Epitheli/o- covering Epithelium- covering of internal and external surfaces of the body 19

Roots Erythemat/o; erythr/o-red Erythematous- redness of the skin 20

Roots Hidr/o-sweat Hyperhidrosis- excessive sweating 21

Roots Kerat/o; keratin/o- hard; hornlike Hyperkeratosis- excessive growth of outer layer of the skin 22

Roots Lip/o-fat Lipoma-tumor containing fat 23

Roots Melan/o-black Melanocyte-cell that produces melanin 24

Roots Myc/o-fungus Onychomycosis- fungal infection of the nail 25

Roots Onych/o - nail Onychomycosis- fungal infection of the nail 26

Roots Necr/o-death Necrotic tissue- dead tissue 27

Roots Pil/o-hair Pilosebaceous- hair follicle and sebaceous gland 28

Roots Ras/o-scrape Abrasion- scraping of the outer surface of injured skin 29

Roots Rhytid/o - wrinkle Rhytidectomy- removal of wrinkles; facelift 30

Roots Seb/o-sebum Seborrhea- increased discharge of sebum 31

Roots Ungu/o-nail Periungual- around the nail 32

Prefix Py/o-pus Pyoderma-pus producing disease of the skin 33

34 Suffixes -omatumor; mass Hemangioma-tumor of blood vessels

Suffix -derma -skin Pyoderma-pus producing disease of the skin 35

36 Suffixes -dermis; -dermaskin Leukoderma-white patches in the skin

Suffixes -dermis; -derma: skin Scleroderma- hardening of the skin 37

Suffixes -dermis; -derma: skin Xeroderma-drying of the skin 38

39 Aging Collagen breakdown Decrease of keratinocytes and melanocytes Decrease production of sebaceous glands Irregular production of melanin Hair follicles less productive

Burns Burn- destruction of skin by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation Classification of Burns First-degree burn- involves epidermis Ex.: sunburn

Burns Second-degree burn (partial-thickness burn)- involves epidermis and upper- portion of the dermis; erythema

Burns Third-degree burn (Full-thickness burn) –involves the epidermis and all of the dermis; skin is black and charred

Burns Fourth-degree burn – involves skin and muscle

Rule of Nine in Burns

Major complications of burns Infection- bacteria easily enter the body because of skin destruction Shock- loss of fluid leads to a drop in blood-pressure Toxicity- toxins released from burned skin are poisonous to the body

Treatment for burns 1.Debridement- removal of dead or burned skin 2.Skin grafting- skin transplant for major burns 3.Application of ointment for minor burns

Skin Cancer Melanoma- tumor arising from melanocytes

Skin Cancer Carcinoma- tumor arising from epithelial cells

Skin Cancer Sarcoma- tumor arising from connective tissue

50 Abbreviations Bx biopsy SC, subq, subcutsubcutaneous UVultraviolet