Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Radiant Cooling In an Intensive Care Unit Keith Beidel – Mechanical Option Senior Thesis ‘03 Penn State

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Presentation Outline Project Overview Mechanical Existing Conditions Redesign Controls Energy Recovery Radiant Panels Energy Analysis Cost Analysis Electrical Redesign Cost Analysis Acoustical Analysis Conclusions

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Centre Community Hospital - East Wing Addition Located in State College, PA 50,000 Square Feet 3 Stories New Addition will Include: 12 Intensive Care Units Same Day Surgery Suites Medical Treatment Unit Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Executive Board Room 200 Seat Auditorium Medical Records Executive Offices (CEO, CFO, etc.) Project Overview

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Construction Manager – Hickes Construction Architect – Burt Hill Kosar Rittelmann Associates MEP Engineers – GJAI Consulting Engineers Structural Engineers – Barber and Hoffman, Inc Project Team

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Presentation Outline Project Overview Mechanical Existing Conditions Redesign Controls Energy Recovery Radiant Panels Energy Analysis Cost Analysis Electrical Redesign Cost Analysis Acoustical Analysis Conclusions

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Cooling Nine AHU’s serving 6 zones (3 for redundancy) Constant Volume DX with Air Cooled Condensers Constant SA Temperature of 55ºF Heating Terminal Hot Water Reheat Coils 225 HP Boiler ICU Unit – Thesis Redesign Focus 100% Outdoor Air, All Air is Exhausted One Positive and One Negative Isolation Room Existing Mechanical Conditions

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Presentation Outline Project Overview Mechanical Existing Conditions Redesign Controls Energy Recovery Radiant Panels Energy Analysis Cost Analysis Electrical Redesign Cost Analysis Acoustical Analysis Conclusions

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition First Floor Intensive Care Rooms 8,200 SF Most Critical Area of Addition Mechanical Redesign

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition N + 1 Redundancy 100 % OA Flow Airflow Quantities to meet AIA Guidelines for Design and Construction of Hospitals and Health Care Facilities, 2001 Operation of 24 hours a day, 365 days of the year HEPA Filtration Meet Heating and Cooling Loads ICU Design Requirements and Criteria

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Separate the Space Sensible and Latent Loads Use a 100 % OA AHU to Satisfy Space Latent Loads Use Radiant Panels to Satisfy Space Sensible Loads Use an Energy Recover Wheel to Reduce Outdoor Air Loads Leave Existing Heating System (Terminal Coil Reheat) Mechanical Redesign Concept

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Major Mechanical Components Existing 70 Ton 12,285 cfm AHU (2) 70 Ton ACCU (2) Run Around Heat Recovery 20 HP Pump for HR 10,500 cfm Exhaust Fan (2) New 25 Ton 6,895 cfm AHU (2) 25 Ton ACCU (2) Enthalpy Wheel (2) 6,400 cfm Exhaust Fan (2) Added Equipment 15 Ton Packaged AC Chiller (2) 10 HP CW Circulating Pump (2)

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Mechanical Redesign Schematic 25 Ton 6,895 cfm AHU (2) 25 Ton ACCU (2) Enthalpy Wheel (2) 6,400 cfm Exhaust Fan (2) 15 Ton Packaged AC Chiller (2) 10 HP CW Circulating Pump (2)

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Presentation Outline Project Overview Mechanical Existing Conditions Redesign Controls Energy Recovery Radiant Panels Energy Analysis Cost Analysis Electrical Redesign Cost Analysis Acoustical Analysis Conclusions

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition System Controls Existing System has Pneumatic and Electric Controls The Radiant System Will Require More Precise and Accurate Controls Will be Controlled With A Direct Digital Control System Allows HVAC Components and Space Conditions Will Be Easily Monitored and Adjusted at One Central Control Station

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition System Controls Automated Logic M-Line Digital Controller Inputs Outputs

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition System Controls TYP. ICU Room Control Constant Chiller Water Supply Temperature Variable Flow Thermostat Modulates Flow Control Valves Shutoff Valves for Maintenance ````

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Presentation Outline Project Overview Mechanical Existing Conditions Redesign Controls Energy Recovery Radiant Panels Energy Analysis Cost Analysis Electrical Redesign Cost Analysis Acoustical Analysis Conclusions

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Energy Recovery Existing Energy Recovery is a Glycol Runaround Loop Provides Only Sensible Heat Recovery Does Not Perform Well in the Summer Requires a 20 HP Pump New Energy Recovery is a Semco Enthalpy Wheel Provides Sensible and Latent Heat Recovery Performs Well in the Summer and Winter Requires a Small Motor to Rotate the Wheel

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Energy Recovery What About Cross Contamination? Wheel Utilizes a Purge Section Works on Pressure Differences Purged Air “Cleans” Wheel’s Face SA Always Sees “Clean” Wheel Final HEPA Filtration as Fail Safe Cross Contamination Will Not Occur !

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Energy Recovery The Enthalpy Wheel Reduces: Total Load from 42.5 Tons to 24.1 Tons (43% Reduction) Outdoor Air Load From 26 Tons to 7.6 Tons (71% Reduction)

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Presentation Outline Project Overview Mechanical Existing Conditions Redesign Controls Energy Recovery Radiant Panels Energy Analysis Cost Analysis Electrical Redesign Cost Analysis Acoustical Analysis Conclusions

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Radiant Cooling Panels Redec Magic 6 2’x2’ Lay in Panels 28.6 BTU/SF Cooling Capacity Lightweight Easy Installation Good Architectural Aesthetics

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Radiant Cooling Advantages and Benefits Thermal Comfort The Body Loses Heat in Three Ways Convection – Air Passing Over Body Evaporation – Breathing and Perspiration Radiation – Transmit Heat Through Skin Heat Loss Through Radiation is the Most Pleasant for a Human Thermal Comfort is Hard to Quantify and Compare but it is a Major Benefit Chilled Ceiling 50% 30% 20% Non Chilled Ceiling 35% 40% 25% Radiation Convection Evaporation Human Energy Balance

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Radiant Cooling Advantages and Benefits Reduced Air Drafts Can Be Critical in an ICU’s Especially for Burn Victims Reduced Plenum Depth Ductwork Depth is Reduced by 10”

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Presentation Outline Project Overview Mechanical Existing Conditions Redesign Controls Energy Recovery Radiant Panels Energy Analysis Cost Analysis Electrical Redesign Cost Analysis Acoustical Analysis Conclusions

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Energy Analysis Using Carrier’s Hourly Analysis Program: 48% Less Natural Gas Consumption 32% Less Electricity Consumption

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Energy Analysis Reasons for Reduced Energy Consumption Enthalpy Wheel Greatly Reduces OA Load Smaller Less Power Consuming HVAC Equipment Less Terminal Reheat Energy due to Reduced SA Energy Transportation Medium Water Has 4 Times More Heat Absorbing Capacity Than Air 3,480 cfm of Air = 1 cf of Water in Energy Removal Requires Less Medium Transportation Energy

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Presentation Outline Project Overview Mechanical Existing Conditions Redesign Controls Energy Recovery Radiant Panels Energy Analysis Cost Analysis Electrical Redesign Cost Analysis Acoustical Analysis Conclusions

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Mechanical Cost Analysis First Cost Existing Equipment $240,612 New Equipment $311,688 New Equipment $71,076 More

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Mechanical Cost Analysis Yearly Energy Cost Electric Rate = $ ,000 KWH $ >40,000 KWH Natural Gas Rate = $4.15 mcf Existing System $44,901/yr Radiant System $28,552/yr Yearly Savings of $16,349

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Presentation Outline Project Overview Mechanical Existing Conditions Redesign Controls Energy Recovery Radiant Panels Energy Analysis Cost Analysis Electrical Redesign Cost Analysis Acoustical Analysis Conclusions

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Electrical Analysis Radiant System Has Less Power Consuming Equipment Therefore Conductors, Conduit, Circuit Breakers Can Be Downsized Motor Full Load Current – NEC NEC : Conductor Must be Sized for 125% of FLC Conductors – NEC Conduit – NEC Table C1 NEC Table 1 Ch. 9: Only 40% of Conduit to be Filled Circuit Breakers – NEC

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Electrical Analysis

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Panel Board All Equipment Will Be on Emergency Equipment Panel NE1AA Panel NE1AA Will Be Able to be Downsized Existing Continuous Amperage 517 A New Total Continuous Amperage 264 A Panel can be Downsized From 600A to 400A Conductor can be Downsized from 2 sets of 350 kcmil to one set of 600 kcmil Conduit can be Downsized from Two 2-1/2” to One 3-1/2”

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Presentation Outline Project Overview Mechanical Existing Conditions Redesign Controls Energy Recovery Radiant Panels Energy Analysis Cost Analysis Electrical Redesign Cost Analysis Acoustical Analysis Conclusions

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Electrical Cost Analysis Reduction in Panel NE1AA Results in a $3,432 First Cost Savings

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Presentation Outline Project Overview Mechanical Existing Conditions Redesign Controls Energy Recovery Radiant Panels Energy Analysis Cost Analysis Electrical Redesign Cost Analysis Acoustical Analysis Conclusions

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Acoustical Analysis Ceilings Will No Longer Be Acoustical Ceiling Tiles Radiant Ceiling Panels Have Lower Absorption Coefficients Than Acoustical Ceiling Tiles Will These Lower Coefficients Effect the Room Acoustics?

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Reverberation Times are Essentially Identical For All Three Cases Acoustical Analysis

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Sound Power Levels Are Identical For All Three Cases Acoustical Analysis Room Acoustics Are Not Noticeably Affected or Altered By the Use of Radiant Cooling Panels

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Presentation Outline Project Overview Mechanical Existing Conditions Redesign Controls Energy Recovery Radiant Panels Energy Analysis Cost Analysis Electrical Redesign Cost Analysis Acoustical Analysis Conclusions

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing AdditionConclusions The Redesigned Radiant Cooling Mechanical System WILL: Reduce Operational Cost by $16,349/yr Reduce Energy Consumption: 48% Less Gas & 32% Less Electricity Cost $71,067 More Than the Existing Mechanical System Cost $3,432 Less Than the Existing Electrical System Reduce the Size and Capacities of Mechanical and Electrical Equipment Provide N+1 Redundancy The Redesigned Radiant Cooling Mechanical System WILL NOT: Alter or Affect the Room’s Acoustics Alter the Room’s Architectural Appearance

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing AdditionConclusions INDIANA HOSPITAL INDIANA, PA. WASHINGTON HOSPITAL WASHINGTON, PA. V.A. MEDICAL CENTER PITTSBURGH, PA. ST. FRANCIS HOSPITAL PITTSBURGH, PA. GOOD SAMARITAN MEDICAL CENTER JOHNSTOWN, PA.

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing AdditionRecommendation Install the Radiant Cooling System Simple Payback of 4.1 Years

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Thanks and Appreciation Dr. Mumma – Thesis Advisor GJAI Consulting Engineers Mr. Mike Jacobs Mr. Sean Williams Mr. Harry Gephardt Mr. Tom Skibinski Mr. Mark Linde – TWA Panels Mr. Bob Pruett – Sun-EL Corporation AE Faculty Friends

Keith Beidel AE – Mechanical Option ’03 Penn State University Senior Thesis Centre Community Hospital – East Wing Addition Questio ns ?