1. Big Bang Theory: highly condensed form of energy exploded. - homogeneous universe: comes from one. 2. Inflation Theory: after Big Bang, the universe.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Do Now # 4 What is the difference between convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries?
Advertisements

The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics mini version
EARTH… What lies beneath. WHAT LIES BENEATH… CRUST: Top layer of Earth’s internal structure that has two parts… 1.Basalt-rich oceanic crust 2.Granite-rich.
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics Review
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics. Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: – Core – Mantle – Crust Inner core Outer.
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics. Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: –Core –Mantle –Crust Inner core Outer core.
Earth’s Interior By Aimee Chavez.
PLATE TECTONICS HOW THE EARTH MOVES. STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH The Earth is made up of 3 main layers:  Core (inner and outer)  Mantle  Crust Inner core.
PLATE TECTONICS HOW THE EARTH MOVES. STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH The Earth is made up of 3 main layers:  Core (inner and outer)  Mantle  Crust Inner core.
What happens at tectonic plate boundaries?
Plate Tectonics. Earth’s Interior Earth is made of layers Crust Upper Mantle (asthenosphere ) Mantle Outer Core Inner Core Scientists discovered these.
Plate tectonics and plume tectonics by H. SAIBI 14 May, 2014.
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics.  The Earth is made up of 3 main layers:  Core  Mantle  Crust 46.6% Oxygen; 27.7% Silica; 8.1% Aluminum;
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics. Learning Goal: To analyze and describe the types of rocks that appear on Earth.
Why does Earth have mountains?
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics. 2 Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: –Core –Mantle –Crust Inner core Outer.
Plate Tectonics.
Inside the Earth Why does the earth look the way it does today? 3PYh4http:// 3PYh4.
 All of the phenomena that we will discuss over the next month are all a result of plate tectonics.  Plate Tectonics is the idea that the Earth is broken.
Plate Tectonics. Plate Tectonics What is Plate Tectonics The Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into sections called plates Plates move around.
1 Natural Disasters Plate Tectonics & Physical Hazards Current Event--Mammoth Chile Earthquake Chile Tsunami.
Earth’s Layered Structure (Ch. 8.4 in the Text)
The Changing Face of the Planet
Science - The Earth. WALT: Name the different layers of the earth.
 Composition: Silicon, Oxygen, and Aluminum  Types: › Continental Crust: solid & rocky outer layer › Oceanic Crust: thin & dense material.
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics. How do we know what the Earth is made of? Geophysical surveys: seismic, gravity, magnetics, electrical,
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics. Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: –Core –Mantle –Crust Inner core Outer core.
SWBAT 1. Explain how plate tectonics accounts for the Earth’s features. 1. Describe the three types of plate boundaries and geographic features associated.
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics. Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: –Core –Mantle –Crust Inner core Outer core.
Our Amazing Planet. Planet Earth Earth’s Layers Crust Earth’s thin outermost layer. – Continental Crust (land) - thick low density rock (granite). –
Our Amazing Planet.
The Earth’s Structure.
The Earth. Layers of the Earth CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE.
Plate Tectonics Earth Science. Continental Drift Alfred Wegener proposed the idea of continental drift in Looking at the continents, it is possible.
PLATE TECTONICS The Earth’s Crust is in Motion. Relating Plate Tectonics to the Rock Cycle and other Processes.
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics. Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: –Core –Mantle –Crust Inner core Outer core.
Forces that act on the Earth. The Inner Core The deepest layer in Earth is the inner core. It is located at the center of Earth because it contains.
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics. Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: –Core –Mantle –Crust Inner core Outer core.
Plate Tectonics. What is Plate Tectonics? The Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into sections called plates. Plates move around on top of the.
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics
1. What might have made this huge crack? 2. How could this crack (over time ) change the landscape of the Earth’s surface?
WELCOME TO PLANET EARTH ~4.6 BILLION YEARS OLD.
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics. Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: –Core –Mantle –Crust Inner core Outer core.
 In 1915 Alfred Wegener proposed the Theory of Continental Drift  = continents are not fixed and in the past all continents had been joined.
Chapter 7Plate Tectonics. Section 7-1 Earth’s Interior The Earth is composed of 4 layers:
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics. How do we know what the Earth is made of? Geophysical surveys: seismic, gravity, magnetics, electrical,
Theory of Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Plate Boundaries Causes of Plate Tectonics.
Plate Tectonics Test Review
Earths Structure Goal: Be able to identify the structure of the earth’s interior.
Plate Tectonics Chapter 6. Earth is made up of materials with different densities. Scientists theorize that Earth began as a spinning mass of rocks and.
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics. Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: –Core –Mantle –Crust Inner core Outer core.
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics. Earth’s Systems Biosphere- Living organisms on Earth Atmosphere- Layers of gases surrounding Earth Hydrosphere-
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics. Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 3 main layers:  Core  Mantle  Crust Inner Core Outer.
Plate Tectonics Ocean Floor Earth Layers Potpourri
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics. Sphere’s of the Earth The Four Great Realms: The natural systems encountered in physical geography operate.
Plate Tectonics Video Clip of Continental Drift. Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: –Core –Mantle –Crust Inner core Outer core.
Plate Tectonics Chapter 17.  All of the phenomena that we will discuss in the upcoming weeks are all a result of plate tectonics.  Plate Tectonics is.
Earth’s Structure.
Standards: 3a. Know features of the ocean floor (magnetic patterns, age, and sea floor topography) provide evidence of plate tectonics. 3b. Know the principal.
Plate Tectonics.
Geology and Formation of the Sea Floor Notes
Plate Tectonics.
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics. Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: –Core –Mantle –Crust Inner core Outer core.
Geology and Formation of the Sea Floor Notes
Unit 6 Earth’s Dynamic Interior
Presentation transcript:

1. Big Bang Theory: highly condensed form of energy exploded. - homogeneous universe: comes from one. 2. Inflation Theory: after Big Bang, the universe passed through a phase of exponential expansion driven by rapid cooling of particles which formed a pseudovacuum. 3. Earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago.

1. Falling of matter toward the center. Loses energy (E) and therefore gives off heat. (exothermic) 2. Particles bombard into each other and give off bombardment heat (E). 3. Radioactive particles give off E. Nickel and Iron melt from heat and move toward center due to their high densities

 Earth is made up of 4 main layers:  Inner core  Outer core  Mantle  Crust (where we live)

 Inner core: solid sphere approximately 1220 km in radius; believed to be primarily nickel- iron alloy. Temperature: 5,000-6,000 ˚C  Outer core: liquid, 2300 km thick. Composed of nickel-iron alloy

 The mantle is approximately 2,900 km thick and comprises 70% of Earth's volume. (the core makes up about 30% of Earth's volume, with the outer crust [where we live] <1%!!). ▪ The mantle is divided into sections based upon changes in its elastic properties with depth. ▪ In the mantle, temperatures range between degrees Celsius at the upper boundary with the crust to over 4,000 degrees Celsius at the boundary with the core. ▪ Due to the temperature difference between the Earth's surface and outer core, and the ability of the crystalline rocks at high pressure and temperature to undergo slow, creeping, viscous-like deformation over millions of years, there is a convective material circulation in the mantle (mantle convection cells). Hot material rises up as mantle plumes (like a lava lamp!), while cooler (and heavier) material sinks downward to be reheated and rise up again.  We’ll see that this process is very important for plate tectonic motion…

The outer most layer is the crust - this is the most familiar to us as it is where we live. Oceanic Crust: more dense, composed of basalt, diabase and gabbro. Continental Crust: less dense, composed of less dense rocks such as granite

 The outer 100 km or so  Composed of the crust and upper mantle  Broken into a number of small and large plates

 Plastic layer in the upper mantle  Lithosphere plates moves over the asthenosphere at a rate of a few cm per year.

 AKA: Moho  Lies between the crust and the mantle  Adheres the crust and the upper mantle together (lithosphere) so the plates can glide on the asthenosphere Image of Earth's internal structure by USGS - Mohorovicic Discontinuity (red line) added by Geology.com  So if plates glide on the asthenosphere…. where does that lead us?

Can you fit the continents together like puzzle pieces??

Did your map look like this??

 Alfred Wegener (1912)- suggested that continents were not always in their current positions b/c 1)the continents seemed to fit together like jigsaw puzzle 2) fossils were found on different continents that couldn’t cross the oceans 3) presence of glacial deposits on continents found near the equator 4) similarity of rock sequences on different continents  He called this Continental Drift

 plates move by underlying hot mantle convection cells

 Where plates slide past each other  earthquakes 1. Transform Boundaries Above: View of the San Andreas transform fault

 Forms mountains, ex: Alps, Himalayas  earthquakes Continent-Continent Collision 2. Convergent Boundaries (continent-continent)

 Called SUBDUCTION- oceanic slides under continental (volcanic mts & trench); ex. Andes  earthquakes Continent-Oceanic Crust Collision 2. Convergent Boundaries (continent-oceanic)

 1 plate runs over the other causing it to sink into the mantle forming a subduction zone. =a trench. Ex: Mariana Trench is 11 km deep! Deepest point on planet -earthquakes Ocean-Ocean Plate Collision 2. Convergent Boundaries (oceanic-oceanic)

Ex: Mid-ocean ridges  plates move apart, new material erupts to fill gap  A.K.A. sea-floor spreading 3. Divergent Boundaries

Ex: Iceland 3. Divergent Boundaries

 1960’s Harry Hess proposed the hypothesis of sea- floor spreading in which magma from the mantle rises to create new ocean floor at mid-ocean ridges.  Youngest rocks are closer to the ridge and the older rocks are further away.  Magnetic Banding: Magnetic minerals of the magma align themselves with the direction of the Earth’s magnetic field.

 Thought to arise from the movement of liquid in the outer core as the planet rotates  1960’s discovered that the Earth’s magnetic field periodically reverses.  As the magma rises to form new ocean floor at the mid-ocean ridge it records the polarity of the magnetic field.

 Hot mantle plumes breaching the surface in the middle of a tectonic plate  Hawaiian Islands What are Hotspot Volcanoes? Photo: Tom Pfeiffer / Hotspots (not at plate boundaries)

The tectonic plate moves over a fixed hotspot forming a chain of volcanoes. The volcanoes get younger from one end to the other.