AMPHIBIANS EVOLVED FROM AIR-BREATHING FISHES (lungfish and mudskipper)& COELACANTH HAVE LUNGS AND VASCULARIZED SKIN (BREATHABLE) HEART IS 3- CHAMBERED

TIED TO WATER BECAUSE EGGS MUST BE LAID IN WATER SKIN MUST BE KEPT MOIST

EARLY AMPHIBIANS ALL MAJOR NICHES –SNAKE-LIKE –PREDATORY –HERBIVORES NO FLYING GROUPS-WHY? (HINT: DESSICATION ) NO MARINE AMPHIBANS

REPTILES AMNIOTIC (SHELLED) EGG –NEXT BIG EVENT AFTER JAWS –ALLOWS FOR DEVELOPMENT ON LAND EVOLUTION TO RESIST DESSICATION IMPERMEABLE SKIN –BETTER LUNG –MORE EFFICIENT HEART –4 CHAMBERS, TWO SEPARATE PUMPS IN DINOSAURS & CROCODILES MORE EFFICIENT EXCRETORY SYSTEM

REPTILIAN RADIATIONS FIRST LARGE LAND ANIMALS RADIATED INTO ALL NICHES MARINE –PLESIOSAURS –ICHTHYOSAURS BIG HERBIVORES BIG PREDATORS FLYING –PTERANODON WITH 24 FOOT WINGSPREAD

Plesiosaurs were sea lion - type reptiles

Ancient marine reptiles included plesiosaurs, turtles, and ichthyosaurs

Sea Snakes Morphology Reproduction Venom Behavior

Marine Iguanas and the Galapagos

A bit different on each island

Crocodilians

BIRDS FROM THE DINOSAUR LINE OVIPARY HIGHLY SPECIALIZED REPTILES –FEATHERS –FLIGHT –HOMEOTHERMY –EXTENDED CARE OF YOUNG –MONOGAMY (WHY?) KEPT EFFICIENT EXCRETORY SYSTEM - URIC ACID

AVIAN RADIATIONS MASSIVE RADIATION 10,000 EXTANT SPECIES MARINE FORMS FLYING LED TO MIGRATIONS ABLE TO UTILIZE TEMPORALLY AVAILABLE HABITATS OSTRICH TO HUMMINGBIRDS

AMPHIBIAN ANCESTOR TURTLES MAMMALS SNAKES AND LIZARDS CROCODILES BIRDS DINOSAURS AMNIOTIC EGG