This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Module 2 Open Source Applications and Licenses

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Exam Objective 1.2 Major Open Source Applications Objective Summary – Understanding Desktop, Server, and Mobile Applications – Introducing Development Languages and Package Management

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group The Many Faces of Linux

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Linux plays many roles Servers are usually unattended and handle data on behalf of other machines – file servers, web servers, mail servers Desktops a.k.a. clients are more interactive, often graphical Mobile is a tablet or phone Development is much like a desktop but with more capacity for development

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Web Servers Serve static web pages to clients via HTTP Can also serve dynamic content by adding PHP, Java, Ruby, Python, etc Apache and Nginx are the most popular web servers – 65% of websites use Apache or Nginx

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Mail Servers Mail Transfer Agents move between sites – sendmail, postfix Mail Delivery Agents deliver to a user’s mailbox – Procmail or custom software POP/IMAP servers let clients download mail – Dovecot, Cyrus

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group File Servers Network File System is the native UNIX file sharing protocol Samba allows a Unix machine to emulate a Windows client and server Netatalk allows a Unix machine to emulate an Apple file server

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Infrastructure ISC bind is a Domain Name System server – resolves names to addresses and more OpenLDAP is a LDAP server for directory information ISC DHCP configures dynamic clients through the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Databases MySQL and PostgreSQL are relational database servers Database servers store and report on structured data SQL is a language used to query a relational database: – SELECT * FROM users;

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Graphical Desktop X-Windows is the base graphical system – Provides windows and basic primitives – A.k.a. X11 or X.org Window managers add menus and window management (open, close, hide, etc) Desktop environments provide window managers and tools

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Window Managers Compiz, FVWM, Enlightenment, Metacity Takes the basic windows and provides the chrome to move, close, open, etc Switches focus between running applications Adds menus and application launchers

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Desktop Environment KDE, GNOME, Unity Window manager + tools – Basic tools like calculator, games, notepad – File manager – Workflow tools, such as shortcuts to launch applications or search the computer

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Office/Productivity LibreOffice is a fork of OpenOffice Includes word processor, spreadsheet, presentation package, drawing tool Good compatibility with Microsoft Office file formats

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Web and Chromium and FireFox are popular open source browsers – These browsers are also cross platform and popular, ensuring excellent support Thunderbird, Evolution, and KMail are popular clients – Use POP/IMAP to retrieve

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Console tools The Shell is the primary way of interacting with the system – Bourne shell family – C shell family – Other hybrid shells such as ksh and zsh Text editors – Vi/vim – Emacs – Pico/nano

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Development Languages are either Compiled or Interpreted – C, C++, Java are compiled – PHP, Perl, Ruby, Python are interpreted Tradeoff of programmer productivity vs computing resources Libraries bundle common behavior to reduce the amount of code needed

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Open Source Licensing

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Exam Objective 1.3 Understanding Open Source Software and Licensing Objective Summary – Describe the various software licenses and their differences – Know the organizations involved in open source

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Software Licenses The creator of the software owns the copyright to the software The creator grants a software license for people to use the software Some licenses take away rights, others give rights

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Free Software Foundation Started by Richard Stallman in 1985 Also run the GNU project that provides tools to Linux and other Unix Oses GPLv2 and GPLv3 licenses allow you to modify and redistribute the software Copyleft provision dictates that you must share source code to your changes

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group GPL GPL is a popular Free Software license GPL is “viral” as changes must also use GPL LGPL lets you link non GPL libraries GPL3 prevents “Tivoization” – Using proprietary hardware to circumvent GPL provisions You may charge a nominal fee to cover your costs of distribution

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Open Source Initiative Bruce Perens and Eric Raymond started the OSI in 1998 Copyleft clauses are too extreme, FSF was too political OSI doesn’t make licenses, only endorses them FSF licenses are OSI approved, but OSI licenses aren’t necessarily FSF approved

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Permissive Free Software An OSI license must allow the source to be open, to be modified, redistributed, and to be used by anyone for any purpose BSD and MIT licenses allow you to use and redistribute software, or to keep your changes private and use it in proprietary software

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group FOSS/FLOSS Free (Libre) and Open Source Software A catch-all term Software can be free as in beer and/or free as in speech

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Non software licensing Art and written material can be licensed, too Public domain disavows any copyright restrictions Creative Commons has a variety of licenses to allow people to use the work under certain restrictions

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Creative Commons Attribution – must acknowledge the author ShareAlike – copyleft No-Derivs – you may not change the content NonCommercial – no commercial use Combinations are allowed, such as Attribution-No-Derivs-NonCommercial No Rights Reserved – public domain

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group Making money with Open Source Sell services, support, warranty Work on features in exchange for money Use Open Source in your day job/consulting Use work time to fix/improve Open Source Build paid plugins/modules (subject to license restrictions) Open Source work lends credibility to your personal brand