Rococo- barroco ( Portuguese- irregularly shaped pearl ) and rocaille-shell-French artificial shell for a garden) Shift of power from royalty to the aristocrats- French Academy dictates good taste in all things- copied by other countries (no WOMEN ALLOWED) Rococo architecture unites all the arts into a coherent experience Quintessential Rococo- Fete Galante’– leisurely pursuits of the aristocracy; the GRAND TOUR and the SALONs Strong school of satirical painting European conquest of the world- Spain, France, England, Holland- all colonial powers- cost of maintenance vs gain Settlers built Baroque and Rococo palaces- Power of France diminishes after death of Louis XIV. Focus in France on the upper class, not the royalty. New World that looks like the Old World Patronage- Academy- taught- perspective, anatomy, realism

Court at Versailles begins to diminish in importance after Louis XIV death- paintings done more for the fashionable town house owners than the kings.. Discovery of Pompeii lead art historians like Johann Wincklemann to write The First Art History Book. Renewed interest in the classics caused Academies to spring up everywhere and to a revival of the Classics. Rococo Architecture NO STRAIGHT LINES IN ARCHITECTURE Elegance and grace, pliable surfaces, undulating forms, uniting architecture and Painting and sculpture No stained class- clear light to see the ceilings Sculpture everywhere even in the paintings Figures overhang the architecture and sculptural areas MORE IS MORE

Rococo Painting No STRAIGHT LINES No STRAIGHT FRAMES- all curvilinear Spilled images coming out over the frames Erotic, sensual in a TEASING MANNER Rubenistes over Poussinistes Slender forms, backs, shimmering clothes, bucolic settings Location- gardens, copses, glens ARCADIAN paintings Pastel colors, spontaneous brushstrokes, backs of people with Light and bucolic settings. Work for Private Display- aristocrats More domestic than Baroque-private Fete galante- listen to music, taking a walk

18 th century English Painting Jonathan Swift- Dead Baby Essay- satire as a result of the Industrial Rev. Voltaire and Candid Hogarth is the forerunner of the political cartoon Demonstrated the abuses of the upper class These works were plain people shown in the most elegant of circumstances- The GRAND MANNER Hogarth is a Series of satirical works made into prints.

NeoClassicism– Took the place of Rococo and rejected royalty and the aristocracy Inspired by the un-earthing of Pompeii and Herculaneum Johann Winklemann’s Book on Art History Current Events and Portraits using Classical Allusions Industrial Revolution encouraged the use of cast iron in architecture As a base and behind the wood and marble. Also encouraged the use of bronze- but marble stayed the “classical” look Industrial Revolution brought out materials and science and technology but Mechanized life and made life difficult for the workers Intellectual transformations in philosophy and science in LOGIC AND OBSERVATOIN Denis Diderot- 52 Volume Encyclopedia in France Samuel Johnson Dictionary in England 1755 Jean-Jacque Rousseau- Social Contract- the will of the people in Government Declaration of Independence in Jefferson

Rome was the respected past and artists came to look and emulate with a modern touch Rococo was decadent- Winklemann said that Rome was PURE! Artists were trained traditionally and took the Grand Tour of Italy Submitted work to the Academy for the Salons Academy would select a few for excellence- that meant the price of your work would go up and more would want your pieces Accepted for public viewing- in this order History Mythology Religion Portraits Landscape Genre Still life ARCHITECTURE INNOVATION: Cast iron- hidden and used structurally CLEVER USE OF CLASSICAL principles tailored to 18 th century living Palladio and Jones Symmetrybalanceorder and composition Themes in each room – colors or history

NeoClassical Sculpture – Bronze was cheap and used before the Industrial Revolution. Mass prodcution of metal Cause the price to fall and the price of marble to rise. Because of Winklemann and The discovery of Pompeii artists though that the RIGHT material to use was Marble.They thoughts that the Romans prefered white marble and uncolored and The Romans had sculpture standing with a contrapposto and something to hold them up. Pantheon statures were discovered and the Elgin Marbles came to Britain. Houdon saw this style as carrying on the work of the ancient traditions.

Neo- Classical Painting Accepted for public viewing- in this order History Mythology Religion Portraits Landscape Genre Still life Stories of antiquity spoke to the 18 th Century. Exemplum Virtutis helped to elevate These works. Symmetrical, linear perspective, invisible brushstrokes and layers.