The Jeffersonian Era William Marbury James Madison John Marshall

1. A Republican Takes Office Policy: Reduce size of gov’t Reduce federal debt Promote “Laissez faire” Decrease size of Gov’t departments Reduce size of Army Asked congress to repeal whiskey tax Policy: Reconcile party difference Retain the Bank of U.S. Continue to pay off state debts using federal moneys Allows many federalists to keep their government jobs

1800-Adams appoints William Marbury to the Supreme Court, So??? Who? What? Jefferson argued that Adams wanted Federalists to control the Supreme court. Jefferson told Madison, who was Secretary of State, not to accept Marbury’s appointment Marbury sued the Gov’t, because The Judiciary Act of 1789 said lawsuits against the gov’t should be tried there Chief Justice Marshall Said that law was unconstitutional And that Marbury could not bring his case there ResultResult?

Judicial Review was established: Marbury could NOT Bring his case to the Supreme Court. That part of the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional Marbury was never appointed

What branch of government did this action strengthen?

2. Control of the Missisippi One million Americans lived between the Appalachian mountains and the Mississippi River Western Farmers relied on the river to ship wheat and corn From the Mississippi River, ocean ships carried produce to other ports along the Atlantic.

Problem: Spain wanted to control New Orleans In 1795, President Washington sent Thomas Pinckney to sign a treaty that allowed American ships to ship their goods down the Mississippi River and store items in New Orleans. =

In the 1790’s Spain gave Louisiana back to French Napoleon has plans to conquer Europe and Build an empire North America Should Jefferson Worry????? Napoleon did not want Jefferson to Use the Port at New Orleans Any longer What should he do???

Jefferson sent R. Livingston and James Monroe to purchase just the Port of New Orleans for no more than 10 million dollars. Negotiations went Poorly and Foreign Minister Talleyrand Said: NO!!!! Then a deal for all of Louisiana cost Americans 15 millions dollars

How was the Louisiana Purchase Constitutional? Does the Constitution state anywhere the power to buy land? Didn’t Thomas Jefferson have the philosophy of a “strict interpretation” of the Constitution? How was this possible?

1. Jefferson stated: That the constitution allowed the president to make treaties. 2. Senate approved the Treaty = The United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from France’s Napoleon Bonaparte for $15 million. Click for movie

Lewis and Clark Expedition

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Achievements of the Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark Expedition Created map route Pacific Ocean Explored Large Area of Louisiana Purchase Gathered Information About Native Americans Reported On climate Described Plants and animals

A bribe paid to Barbary states such as Tripoli to protect American trade ships The practice British Naval ships used to force Americans into military service Banning of trade with a Britain and France in order to have them change their behavior A law that banned trade with all countries. This also hurt N. England merchants Importing or exporting goods in violation of the Embargo Act, sugar, tea, molasses, cotton & tobacco Embargo act failed; but this law allowed the U.S. to trade with all countries but Br. & Fr. Tribute Impressment Embargo Act Smuggling Non- Intercourse Act

American merchants disliked the Embargo Act of They argued that it would be years before Britain and France actually felt its effect while American trade stagnated.

Who does This represent? Who does This Represent? What is OGRABME Spelled Backwards? According to the cartoon, what is the effect of the embargo? Do you think this cartoonist Is in favor or against the embargo? American Merchant U.S. Government EMBARGO It stopped American merchants form trading w/Br. The quote “Oh! This cursed OGRABME, indicates not in favor The turtle biting the man holding the barrel, indicates in favor

Congress Declares War British Impressment Of American Sailors British arming Of Native Americans On the Frontier British Encourage- ment Of Native American Attacks On Settlers British blockade Of some American Ports British Battle with American Frigates In N.Y. Harbor

5. The War of 1812 “Madison’s War”- although Madison did not want war The Nation Divided: South & West support the war New Englanders are against Resulted in fighting with British and Native Americans

A.Treaty of Greenville B. Battle of Tippecanoe C. War Hawks D. Nationalism Americans that called For war against Britain To have pride in one’s country Allowed Americans To claim land in parts Present-day Ohio Conflict that white Settlers celebrate as a Major victory

Battle of Lake Erie Conflict that resulted in victory despite poor preparations- they had no fleet for this battle Capt. Perry was quoted, We have met the enemy and they are ours!

Battle of Thames- American Victory Battle of New Orleans- Andrew Jackson led troops 2 weeks after the War was over- American Victory Hartford Convention- 1.Federalists hated Madison + War 2.Br. Blockade hurt N. Eng. Trade 3.N. England threatens to leave if the war continued Treaty of Ghent- Peace Treaty to end the war