Aim: How did AJ’s native policy effect the U.S.?

What is the main point of this cartoon? What is the main point of this cartoon? How are the natives depicted? How are the natives depicted? What does this cartoon say about Jackson and his role with the natives? What does this cartoon say about Jackson and his role with the natives?

Early US Policy under GW Recognized the tribes as separate nations and acquired lands through treaties and land purchases Recognized the tribes as separate nations and acquired lands through treaties and land purchases Indian Trade and Intercourse Act 1790 Indian Trade and Intercourse Act 1790 Prevented non-natives from moving onto “Indian” lands Prevented non-natives from moving onto “Indian” lands Renewed every year until 1834 Renewed every year until 1834 BUT, we often violated these treaties and redrew the lines they way we wanted the territory divided BUT, we often violated these treaties and redrew the lines they way we wanted the territory divided

Henry Clay quote (1820) Indians are essentially inferior to the Anglo-Saxon race … and their disappearance from the human family would be no great loss to the world

Indian Removal Act (1830) Endorsed by Andrew Jackson Passed by Congress –Gave Congress/states $$$ to buy native lands –force natives off lands east of the Mississippi River and ship them West

Why US wanted this policy Gold discovered in Georgia in lands owned by natives Tobacco overproduction depleted lands quickly in east Expansion of cotton industry Security against native raids $$$$$$$$$$$

Cherokees vs. Supreme Court Cherokees tried to fight the Indian Removal Act –Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1831) Cherokee’s claimed Removal Act violated Constitution and previous treaties…. Who wins? Cherokees not an independent country or citizens of U.S., so they cant sue in Supreme Court…. Who won???? –Worcester vs. Georgia (1832) Worcester was a missionary supportive of Cherokees Natives were a distinct community with self-government (foreign nation), so a state government (Georgia) couldn’t enforce laws against them Only the federal government could deal with sovereign nations Therefore, Indian Removal Act was unconstitutional!!Georgia couldn’t force out the Cherokees!!!

Jackson vs. the Supreme Court The main role of the President regarding laws????? –Execute and enforce federal laws…. So what does AJ do????? “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it”!!!!!!- AJ Jackson ordered federal troops to forcibly remove Cherokees –He did give the natives $9 million for the lands –BUT…. HE CHARGED THE NATIVES $5 MILLION FOR THE EXPENSE IN USING THE ARMY TO REMOVE THEM!!!!! CHECKS AND BALANCES??? –AJ is strong executive –Congress fears/agrees w/AJ –Supreme Court has no power to go against AJ

TRAIL OF TEARS ,000 Chocktaw died in ,000 Cherokee forced to Oklahoma 4,000 died on the way 3,500 of 15,000 Creeks died in 1836 trek Jackson’s policy eventually forced 100,000 natives uprooted from the east

What strikes you odd about this picture detailing the Trail of Tears?

Native American Art depicting Trail of Tears

Native Territory (Oklahoma)  Present day Oklahoma chosen as the site to move the Natives to  WHY????? CRAPPY LAND CRAPPY LAND DUSTY, NOT FARMABLE DUSTY, NOT FARMABLE BORDERS MEXICO BORDERS MEXICO

What is the problem by organizing the Indian Territory in this manner?

1490

native land

2000 native land

Exit Summary How did AJ’s policies effect the Native Americans How did AJ’s policies effect the Native Americans

Application Is there any way that the U.S. can try to make up for our treatment of the Native Americans? Is there any way that the U.S. can try to make up for our treatment of the Native Americans?