How our bodies use oxygen to release energy! Unit 10: Respiration Guided Note Packet Name: 1

What is RESPIRATION? Definition-process that produces energy using the exchange of CO 2 and O 2 - NOT just “breathing” **Remember: It is the release of energy using oxygen!** Allows exchange of outside air (atmosphere) and the circulatory system (blood transport) 2

Cellular Respiration Formula Oxygen + food ATP (energy) + carbon dioxide + water O 2 + Glucose ATP + CO 2 + H 2 O FORMULA MEANING: The body takes in O 2 and food (glucose) to produce ATP (energy). The body then gives off as waste CO 2 and H 2 O The RESPIRATORY SYSTEM must work with the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM so that the oxygen inhaled can be transported to cells! (Reactants)(Products) 3

Where does respiration happen? In the mitochondria of cells! Remember they are the “powerhouse” of the cell! 4

Two Types of Respiration AerobicAnaerobic vs. Uses oxygen to create ATP (energy) Ex. Fish, humans, dogs Ex. Yeast, bacteria, human muscle Does not use oxygen to create ATP (energy); fermentation 5

HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Nostril Part Nasal Cavity Pharynx Epiglottis Where air (O 2 ) enters;CO 2 leaves Area behind our nose; warms, moistens, and cleans air Back of throat Flap of skin that covers windpipe so food does not enter lungs Function 6

HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Trachea Bronchi Lungs Windpipe; leads to lungs; covered with cartilage rings; lined with cilia 2 tubes that connect to the lungs; connect trachea to lungs 2 organs of breathing; whole organ of respiration; thin membraned PartFunction 7

HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Diaphragm Bronchioles Alveoli Muscle under lungs that controls breathing; (O 2 entering & leaving); pulls O 2 in and pumps CO 2 out Small tubes connected to the bronchi Air sacs where O 2 and CO 2 are exchanged with capillaries and the blood stream; 600 million in the average adult PartFunction 8

Respiration Diagram Labels Nose Mouth Pharynx Epiglottis (flap) Trachea Lung Bronchi Bronchioles Diaphragm Alveoli Nasal Cavity 9

Lung Model Balloon (lungs) Rubber sheet (diaphragm) Y-Straws (Bronchi) Long straw (trachea) 10

How does the Body Regulate the Rate of Respiration? How do our bodies know when to breath faster or slower? Our Medulla! (in our brains) - As CO 2 levels increase, breathing rate increases Medulla 11

Comparison of Inhale/Exhale Ribs: expand when you inhale; collapse on exhale Diaphragm: moves down on inhale; moves up on exhale Oxygen: increases when you inhale; enters on inhale Carbon dioxide: decreases when you exhale; exits on exhale 12

Lung Animation 13

Respiratory Homeostasis Disorders 1. Emphysema: lung cells do not receive enough O 2 because alveoli are damaged (I.e. decreased lung capacity); cause-smoking, air pollution 2. Bronchitis: infection of the respiratory tract; results are an increase in mucus in bronchial tubes, swelling, inflammation of the bronchial tubes, coughing, difficult breathing 14

Respiratory Homeostasis Disorders 3. Pneumonia: bacterial infection of lungs that causes them to fill with pus and fluid 4. Asthma: bronchi spasms that cause difficulty breathing; constricted blood vessels in air passageways usually caused by allergies 15

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