Asthma

Asthma: chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes that causes swelling and constriction

It is the most common chronic illness in children (1 out of 15) in North America Has different triggers for different individuals

Normal bronchial tubes allow the passage of air in and out of the lungs to ensure that the levels of O2 and CO2 remain constant in the bloodstream The outer walls of the bronchial tubes are surrounded by smooth muscles that contract and relax automatically with each breath The outer walls of the bronchial tubes are surrounded by smooth muscles that contract and relax automatically with each breath

Asthma causes a narrowing of the breathing airways, which interferes with the normal movement of air in and out of the lungs Involves only the bronchial tubes and does not affect the air sacs or the lung tissue

The narrowing that occurs in asthma is caused by three major factors: InflammationBronchospasmHypersensitivity

Inflammation: the bronchial tubes become red, irritated, and swollen Increases the thickness of the wall of the bronchial tubes and thus results in a smaller passageway for air to flow through

Bronchospasm: muscles around the bronchial tubes tighten during an attack Also causes constriction

Hypersensitivity: the chronically inflamed and constricted airways become highly sensitive, or reactive, to triggers such as allergens, irritants, and infections

Symptoms Shortness of breath Wheezing tightening of chest Coughing

Treatments Bronchodilators: relax the bronchospasm Steroids: reduce inflammation