Organ and Organ Systems of Plants and Animals Takes 45 – 60 minutes. – If taking time. Could add some slides on disorders of each system. Book has good ones on respiration and circulatory.

Emergent properties Name the correct order of organization from simple to most complex. – use these words Starting with cells and end at organism – 5 words. Cell, tissue, organ, organ system organism

Ability to maintain a stable environment is..... Homeostasis. How does the human body maintain homeostasis? Cells – diffusion / osmosis Organ systems –

What is the biggest organ in the body? Skin Several layers thick What is the purpose of the oil glands? – Protection – contains chemicals that kill bacteria – and keeps skin soft and pliable

The four main stages of food processing FOOD PROCESSING

Digestion Where does digestion begin? The mouth – Then continues in the? stomach

Where does most absorption of nutrients into the blood occur? Small intestine

Evolution of the Digestive system Ingestion, digestion, absorption, Elimination

Protists Endo and exocytosis

Cnidarians (the bag system) One hole – everything goes in and out it same hole. Al

Explain evolution of a folded tube digestive system 1.From one hole system 2.to two hole system (round worm – nematode) 3.to crop and gizzard of earth worm 4.To folded system of stomach and intestines

What do birds and worms have in common? Crop and gizzard – for storing and grinding

Give one unique thing about digestion in hervbivoures 4 stomachs and Symbiotic – mutualistic relationship with a microbe that lives in one of the stomachs and Breaks down cellulose

What transports sugar and sap down from the leaves to the roots Phloem –

What is similar to our veins and arteries? Xylem - transports water, minerals and nutrients - up.

How is water, and mineral and nutrients transported up against gravity? Capillary action – animals Transpirational pull – plants Water is polar and sticks (cohesion, adhesion, surface tension)

Why can glucose and other nutrients dissolve in plasma? Because of waters solvent properties. Because water is POLAR and forms Hydrogen bonds

What is the Cambium? The wood – creates new xylem and phoem Creates the wood rings

Label – Zone of elongation – Zone of division – Root cap – Meristem – Root hair

Purpose of the root Anchor the plant Absorb water, and minerals from the Root hairs – Surface area

What is the meristem? Stem cells of the plant – divide by mitosis for growth of plant

How many Chambers? Fish heart Two Amphibians 3 Reptiles 3 Mammals 4

Follow a drop of blood through the heart Vena cava (vein) R Atrium R Ventricle Pulmonary artery Lungs / alveoli/ capillaries Pulmonary vein L Atrium L Ventricle Aorta (artery) Body

What is the difference between a vein and an artery? Veins Blood into heart Arteries Blood out of heart

What do the valves do and sphincters do? One way flow

Leaf Types - veins

Leaf Structure Serated Lobed

Leaf growth

Leaf arrangement

Evolution of gas exchange

Gas exchange - Protists Diffusion and osmosis Contractile vacuole pumps excess water out.

Hydra / Cnidarians Diffusion And through opening

Insects – gas exchange Legs spiracle

What organ in fish exchanges gas (oxygen and carbon dioxide)? Gills branched and folded Surface area

Lungs Label – Trachea – Bronchus – Bronchiole – alveoli

Where does gas exchange take place between lungs and blood Alveoli – lungs small and circular Capillaries – blood – highly branched

Problems Bronchitis- Inflammation of the membrane of the bronchial tubes Bronchitis Asthma- An allergic response characterized be constricted o the bronchial tubes Asthma Emphysema- Change in the structure of the lung characterized by enlargement and degeneration of the alveoli resulting in decreased lung capacity. Emphysema

Explain what is unique about birds respiration Air sacs Get oxygen when they breath in and out.

Where does gas exchange in plants take place? Stomata

What organ removes waste from the blood? Kidneys - filter and remove waste

What does the liver do? Removes toxic substances like alcohol What is attached to the liver? Gall bladder What does it do? Stores bile What does it do? Breaks down fats

How does pancreas maintain homeostasis? High sugar - Secretes the hormones insulin Low sugar – glucagon

Which system is primarily responsible for reaction time? Nervous system What is dominant sense in humans? Vision

Reproduction Where does egg production in humans occur? In the ovary

In FLOWERING PLANT – seed (eggs) production occurs where? Ovule

Name one benefit of Seed production Seed – embryo is protected Seed – sexual reproduction Best in a harsh or changing environment.

What is responsible for reaction time? Nervous system Label the parts

Message Relay – fill in boxes