George Washington and the Federalist Period Essential Questions: 1.Identify the major foreign and domestic issues and conflicts experienced by the new nation during the Federalists period. 2.Describe how political differences evolved into a two-party system.

Vocabulary Domestic- in your home county; what happens in the United States Foreign- out of the country or lands not owned by the United States

America was a “bold experiment” based on Enlightenment ideals of republican rules and individual rights. No one knew if a government based on the people would really work.

Washington takes the Oath

Washington’s Presidency April 30, 1789 ~ New York City Vice President: John Adams Set many precedents for the future Defined the executive role, expand foreign affairs powers, and become legislative leader “We are in the Wilderness without a single footstep to guide us.”- James Madison

Washington Chooses the First Cabinet Washington tried to balance regions and viewpoints; however Jefferson and Hamilton had different viewpoints Cabinet- Chief advisors o Dept. of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton o Dept. of State: Thomas Jefferson o Dept. of War: Henry Knox o Attorney General: Edmund Randolph

Washington and Congress set up the courts- Judiciary Act of 1789 Judicial Branch: how to work out the details – Judiciary Act of 1789: Set up the court system and made it possible to appeal a ruling to a federal court – The Supreme Court- Chief Justice & 5 associate justices – Federal Courts- 3 Federal Circuit Courts & 13 District Courts – Constitution is “Supreme Law of the Land.” Anyone remember the court case that is going to strengthen the power of the Judicial branch?

Hamilton’s Plan to fix the Economy Plan to get rid of national Debt Proposed to pay off foreign debts while issuing bonds to repay old bonds Combine all states debts and turn it over to the national government

This South opposed the plan as they had paid off most of their debts. Compromise  South would accept plan and the Nation’s capital moved to southern state. The plan worked and the bill was passed in 1790

The Federal City/District of Columbia Designed by Pierre L’Enfant Later, Andrew Ellicot & Benjamin Banneker to over the plan

Hamilton vs. Jefferson Despite a unified front during the Revolution, political divisions emerged as new government is up and running… Differences in ideology were best exemplified by Hamilton and Jefferson

Hamilton vs. Jefferson Jefferson: Power should be shared between Federal Government and States Democracy of “virtuous farmers” Strict interpretation of the Constitution No National Bank (unconstitutional) Economy based on farming (agricultural economy) Like-minded people become Democratic- Republicans Hamilton: Power should be concentrated in Federal Government Well educated elite should govern Republic Loose interpretation of the Constitution Wanted National Bank (constitutional) Base economy on shipping and manufacturing (early industrialist) Like-minded people become Federalists

Hamilton’s Economic Plan The Bank of the United States: – Issue paper money, and handle tax receipts & other government funds. – Loose interpretation reading between the lines (elastic clause) Raising Revenue: Excise tax: Tax on a product’s manufacture, sale, or distribution - First used on Whiskey Protective tariff - Tax on goods imported from another country Jefferson wanted a Strict interpretation reading the Constitution word for word

Domestic Issues: Whiskey Rebellion What prompted the rebellion? o Protective Tariff & Excise Tax o Angered frontier farmers who relied on whiskey as their main source of cash. 1794, Whiskey Rebellion: o Farmers refused to pay tax, beat up federal marshals, and threatened to secede o Hamilton & Washington led federal troops to crush rebellion. How did it end up? o Rebellion scattered; showed strength of federal government.

Hamilton & Jefferson Directions: On the bottom of your notes sheet you will find 2 “paper dolls” one for Hamilton and one for Jefferson. For each head you need to complete the following: – HEAD: – HEAD: briefly write 3 ideas held by that person and draw a symbol. – HEART: – HEART: 1 core value/belief of person! – HANDS: – HANDS: 2 actions (one/hand) by person that differed from other presidents – FEET: – FEET: 2 changes/policies/etc. of person that moved the country forward.

Abe Lincoln Commander & Chief of Union Troops Emancipation Proclamation Preservation of the Union 13 th Amendment Federal Supremacy Unconditional surrender Civil Protections – Habeas Corpus Lenient Recon o HEAD: o HEAD: briefly write 3 ideas held by that president and draw a symbol. o HEART: o HEART: 1 core value/belief of that president! o HANDS: o HANDS: 2 actions (one/hand) by president that differed from other presidents o FEET: o FEET: 2 changes/policies/etc. during presidency that moved the country forward.