Cloudland Instruments Hawkeye Software Snapshot March10th, 2016

Cloudland Instruments Overview of KLI-4104 Quad-Linear Array (G, R, B, L) High Resolution: Luma (Monochrome) Array with 5 um Pixels with 8,160 Count (Active Pixels) Luma Channel has 4 Outputs High Resolution: Color (RGB) Array with 10 um Pixels with 4,080 Count (Active Pixels). Buying CCD with no RGB filters for our application. Each Color Channel has 1 Output Two-Phase Register Clocking Electronic Exposure Control

Cloudland Instruments Overview of KLI-4104 KLI-4104 Linear Array Arrangement – We only use the Chroma (Green – Red – Blue) channels. We do clock the Luma channels to flush out the charge, though

Cloudland Instruments Overview of KLI-4104 KLI-4104 Channel Alignment – we aggregate Green-Red-Blue Chroma channels. We oversample each Chroma channel 4:1

Cloudland Instruments Data Acquisition 8 Spectral Bands with 2 Bands per CCD Rows per Image 16 Dark Bit Light Pixels Per Band 222 MByte Raw Image Buffer 4.7 to 30+ ms Row Interval (16ms typical) 1:1, 2:1 and 4:1 Hardware Oversampling G, R & B Channels Aggregated with 32 Row Buffer (G[n] + R[n-9] + B[n-18])/3 Up to 12 Finderscope Images per Exposure 788 x Bit Pixels 12 Telemetry Records per Exposure

Cloudland Instruments Data Acquisition Timeline (177 Seconds Total) Boot to Linux (30 sec) Launch and Initialize (3 sec) Setup Exposure (1 sec) Acquire Darks and 6000 Rows (100 Sec) Post Process Data (11 sec) Download to Spacecraft (estimated 30 Sec) Shutdown (6 Sec) Optional Commands: Save Image to Instrument Flash (44 Sec) Restore Image from Instrument Flash (32 Sec) Full Power

Cloudland Instruments PicoZed System on Module (SoM) CPU Board with Xilinx Zynq System on Chip Zynq: Dual-core ARM® Cortex™-A9 + Peripherals + FPGA 1 GB DDR3 SDRAM 128 Mb QSPI Flash for FPGA configuration 4 GB eMMC for OS + App + Persistent Data 10/100/1000 Ethernet PHY for Development

Cloudland Instruments Zynq Development Software Packages FPGA Development: Xilinx Vivado IDE (2014.2) C Software Development: Xilinx SDK (2014.2), an Eclipse based IDE Embedded Linux OS: SMP support for Dual-core ARM Digilent (port of Xilinx Linux) Command and Control: Initial development and debug with Sockets & TCP/IP Deployed with Custom Quad SPI port with LVDS

Cloudland Instruments Task division between FPGA and Linux Processor FPGA: Hardware Readout Engines for CCDs and Finderscope Sensor Hardware Oversampling for CCDs Multi-Row FIFO Pixel Buffers 32-Bit DMA to System DRAM Linux Processor Software: Maintain communications with the Host OBC Acquire Exposures (Spectral + Finderscope + Telemetry) Aggregate G, R & B Chroma Channels Retain last Exposure in Flash for retention through Power Cycles

Cloudland Instruments On-Orbit Boot Sequence Host Powers up Hawkeye Zynq Configures FPGA then Linux Boots and App Launches Initial Communications Test (Ping, Set Clock) Configure Exposure (Row Interval, Active Channels, etc.) Start then Monitor Exposure Post Process Image Download Hawkeye Image Format file Request Hawkeye Shutdown Host Powers down Hawkeye Sometime later: Host sends Image File to Ground Station

Cloudland Instruments Interface to Spacecraft and Test Computer Java based Hawkeye Test Software with Ethernet I/O: Command & Control of Hawkeye directly via Ethernet or Using Cloudland Ethernet to QSPI / LVDS Bridge Hardware SeaHawk Satellite Bus: C & C with Hawkeye directly via QSPI / LVDS port Image Decode / Display / Analysis: Decode: Cloudland Supplied HawkeyeDecode utility Display / Analysis: CCDOps Software

Cloudland Instruments Software and Hardware Validation Testing Plan Java based Hawkeye Test Software Exercises all Hawkeye Commands and validates Response Acquires Exposures & downloads Hawkeye Format Image files Controls rotary stage that simulates orbital motion Hawkeye Debug Commands Capture streaming CCD pixel data for coherent noise analysis Capture unaggregated data from any of the 4 CCDs Capture data from G, R or B chroma channels on all 4 CCDs Capture raw Finderscope data

Cloudland Instruments Test Configurations used at Cloudland for Acceptance Testing

Cloudland Instruments Test Configurations to verify Spacecraft Interface

Cloudland Instruments Test Configurations used at Clydespace

Cloudland Instruments Compression of 12-bit Pixels into13-bit Codes To begin: Encode Pixel[0] into 13-Bits with msb 1 and 12-bit Value If Pixel[1] – Pixel[0] is +31 to -32 and If Pixel[2] – Pixel[1] is +31 to -32 then Encode into 13-bits with msb 0 and two 6-bit Deltas Else Encode Pixel[1] into 13-Bits with msb 1 Repeat: for all Pixels in the row (This scheme works well for low contrast scenes)

Cloudland Instruments Hawkeye Image File Format Single file is a stream of individual data records Loss of individual records doesn’t mean loss of entire image Interspersed data from multiple sources: Row based Spectral Band and Finderscope data including timestamps with millisecond precision Multiple sets of Telemetry data Multiple Image Parameter records (Date/time, Exposure, etc.) Indices and checksums reveal missing or invalid records Cloudland will supply a C library for decoding records Multiple downloaded copies with missing or damaged records could be merged to fill-in missing records