Chapter 5 section 1 Human Populations Expansion and Its Cause

Reasons for Patterns of Growth Historically, diseases, and occasionally famines controlled human populations

Breakthroughs In the late 1800s, scientists discovered the cause for many diseases Soon, vaccinations were developed.

Breakthroughs Nutrition began to increase. 1930’s penicillin as well as other antibiotics were discovered Better Sanitation

Recent Population trends During the 1960’s the world population growth rate peaked at 2.1%. Since then, the world population growth rate has slowed due to lack of fertility

Recent Population trends Total fertility rate is the number of kids per woman In the 60’s, total fertility rate was 5.0 Current total fertility rate is 2.8

Current fertility rate Fertility at 2.5% Fertility at 2.2% Fertility at 1.9% At the current fertility rate, human populations will reach 12.8 billion by the year 2050.

Chapter 5 section 2 Different Worlds

Rich Nations vs. Poor Nations There are basically three different societies established in the world: 1.High-income, highly developed, industrialized countries (MEDCs) 2.Middle-income, moderately developed countries 3.Low-income, developing countries (LEDCs)

High-income, highly developed, industrialized countries Includes, US, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, western Europe and Scandinavia, Singapore, Taiwan, Israel and some Arab states 2001 gross national income per capita = $9,206 and higher, average $26,710. Accounts for 964 million of current population

Middle-income, moderately developed countries 2.7 billion of population. Countries include Latin America, northern and southern Africa, China and smaller Asian Countries, eastern Europe and countries of former USSR 2001 average income per capita $1,850, income range from $745 to $9,205

Low-income, developing countries 2.65 billion of population Eastern, western, central Africa, India and other countries of central Asia and some former Soviet republics. National average income per capita $430. Range from $0 to $744

Disparities Developed countries make up 16% of world’s population but control 81% of world’s wealth. Low-income countries, with 41% of the worlds population, only control 3.4% of the world’s gross national income.

Population growth in rich and poor nations Developed national population’s are growing at.1%/year.

Population growth in rich and poor nations The growth rate of developing and undeveloped countries is 1.6%.

Fertility rates Total fertility rate - the average number of children each woman in a population has over her life time. Ideally a total fertility rate of 2.0 will maintain a stable population, because two children will replace their parents. Given that childhood mortality is not zero, replacement-level fertility is actually 2.1

Total Fertility Rate

Different populations, different problems Paul Ehrlich and John Holdren developed IPAT formula to determine the environmental pollution and depletion of natural resources depending on the factors of population, affluence and technology.

IPAT formula I = environmental impact P = population A = affluence of average lifestyle T = technology of given society S = sustainable practices I=P x A x T S

Problems generated by developed countries Average American places 20 times demand on the Earth’s resources as someone in Bangladesh. The US, which has 5% of the world’s population is responsible for 24% of the total global emissions of CO2.