South Pole (89 98S, 24 80W) Palmer Station (64 92S, 64 00W) Cape Grim (40 68S, 144 68E) Christmas Island (1 70N, 157 17W) Samoa (14 24S, 170 57W) Cape Kumukahi (19 52N, 154 82W) Cape Meares (45 48N, 123 97W) Cold Bay (55 20N, 162 72W) Alert (82 45N, 62 52W) Mould Bay (76 25N, 119 35W) Barrow (71 32N, 156 60W) Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration (parts per million) SP PS CG A MB B CB CM CK CI S Figure 29.1 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan
Latitude (degrees North) Contribution To Amplitude (%) Amplitude (ppm) PercentAmplitude Figure 29.2 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan
Figure 29.3 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan
Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) NPP Anomaly (Pg C yr -1 ) CO 2 Growth Rate Anomaly (Pg C yr -1 ) NPP CO 2 MEI Figure 29.4 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan
Figure 29.5 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan
Ambient NPP (g C m -2 yr -1 ) NPP Elevated / NPP Ambient NPP [550] / NPP [376] = / NPP [376] Figure 29.6 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan
AllC3C3 C4C4 TreeShrubC3C3 Grass Forb Response (elevated / ambient) A sat AllTreeShrubC3C3 Grass C4C4 Forb Response (elevated / ambient) gsgs ANPP AllC3C3 C4C4 TreeC4C4 crop C3C3 grass C4C4 Response (elevated / ambient) Figure 29.7 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan
Figure Live aboveground carbon Wood products Other carbon pools Source Sink Years Carbon Flux (Mg C ha -1 yr -1 ) Carbon (Mg C ha -1 ) Years Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan
Figure 29.9 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan
Annual Carbon Flux (Pg C yr -1 ) Figure Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan
Coupled carbon cycle-climate model Without carbon cycle-climate feedback Figure Cumulative Carbon (Pg C) Atmosphere Emissions Land Ocean Surface Air Temperature (K) Global Land Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) 0 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan
Figure Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) Land Carbon Uptake (Pg C yr -1 ) Plant Carbon (Pg C) Soil Carbon (Pg C) Coupled carbon cycle-climate model Without carbon cycle-climate feedback Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan
Figure Correlation Coefficient Regression Slope (kg C m -2 yr -1 per C) Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan
Coupled carbon cycle-climate model Without carbon cycle-climate feedback Atmosphere Land Ocean Figure HadCM3LC UMD FRCGC UVic-2.7 CLIMBER MPI CSM1 IPSL-CM4-LOOP BERN-CC IPSL-CM2C LLNL Fraction HadCM3LC UMD FRCGC UVic-2.7 CLIMBER MPI CSM1 IPSL-CM4-LOOP BERN-CC IPSL-CM2C LLNL Fraction HadCM3LC UMD FRCGC UVic-2.7 CLIMBER MPI CSM1 IPSL-CM4-LOOP BERN-CC IPSL-CM2C LLNL Fraction Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan
HadCM3LC IPSL-CM2C MPI LLNL CSM1 FRCGC UVic-2.7 UMD BERN-CC CLIMBER IPSL-CM4-LOOP Airborne Fraction Ocean Fraction Land Fraction Figure Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan
Figure Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan
60S 60N 30S 30N 0 180W 180E 120W 60W 0 120E60E 60S 60N 30S 30N 0 180W 180E 120W 60W 0 120E60E T ( C) Figure A2 biogeophysical B1 biogeophysical 60S 60N 30S 30N 0 180W 180E 120W 60W 0 120E60E 60S 60N 30S 30N 0 180W 180E 120W 60W 0 120E60E A2 biogeochemicalB1 biogeochemical 60S 60N 30S 30N 0 180W 180E 120W 60W 0 120E60E 60S 60N 30S 30N 0 180W 180E 120W 60W 0 120E60E A2 netB1 net Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan