Two of Rome’s Three Heirs: Byzantium & Muslims. Byzantium.

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Presentation transcript:

Two of Rome’s Three Heirs: Byzantium & Muslims

Byzantium

The Latin Phase Justinian Theodora Hagia Sophia Blues Greens Theodoric

The Greek Phase Heraclius Theme Greek Fire

Iconoclasm & Schism Leo the Isaurian Gregory II Pepin Irene

“Golden Age” ( ) Barbarians in the West Land Food Education Artisans Plague

Conflict: East v. West Photius Nick I Basil II Romanus Lecapenus I

Crusades Alexius / Urban II Peter the Hermit Anna Comnena Osman Children’s Crusade Internal Crusading

ISLAM

Pre-Islamic Middle East Bedun (nomadic) Clan (family) Tribe (related fs) Shayk (elected) Urban Trade Oral traditions Ka’ba

Mecca Ka’ba Water Quraysh tribe Hashim Clan

Muhammad, PBUH Abu Talib Khadija Fatima Qu’ran Allah Islam Muslims

Early Followers Khadija Ali Abu Bakr Fatima

The Hijra & Community Yathrib Umma “People of the Book” Jihad Mecca

Death of Muhammad d. 632 Abu Bakr Prophet? Khalifa Umar Uthman Ali Rashidun

Islam Hadith Sunna Quran

Tenets of the Faith There is no god but God And Mohammad is His messenger Line of prophets (28) Angels Shaytan Jinn

“Five Pillars” Shahada Salat Zakat Sawm Hajj

Islamic Law Sharia Ulama Dhimmis Jizya

Expansion of the Umma

The First Four Caliphs Continued expansion Away from Medina Damascus Baghdad Rome? Byzantium? Persia? No converts

Conflict Abu Bakr Umar Uthman Shite Imam Sunni Sunna Fatima v. Aisha

Umayyad Empire I Muawiya v. Ali Tariq ibn Ziyad Jabal Tariq Gibraltar Spain, 711 Battle of Tours, 732 Dome of the Rock Mosque of Damascus

Umayyad Empire II Governors Abd al-Rahman Emirate Caliphate Fatimids Cordoba

Abbasid Dynasty Abu al-Abbas Baghdad Harun al-Rashid The Arabian Nights Charlemagne Mongols, 1258 Salah al-Din

Islamic Culture

Medicine Al-Razi (d. 925) Ibn Sina (d. 1037) Avicenna

Science Alhazen (d. 1038) al-kuhl Al-Khwarizmi (d. 844) Omar Khayam (d. 1123)

Literature Rubaiyat Ibn Sina / Avicina Ibn Rushd / Averroes Moses Maimonides Ibn Khaldun Plato - Aristotle - Socrates

Sufis Mysticism Missionaries Jalal al-Din Rumi (d. 1273) Al-Hallaj Ibrahim ibn Fatik Al-Ghazali

Mosque

Harem – “Forbidden”

Conclusion Heirs to Rome Western traditions Emphasis on intellect Greek thought Renaissance

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