ZigBee http://www.zigbee.org/

Introduction A technological standard designed for control and sensor networks. A wireless language that everyday devices use to connect to one another. Mesh network specification for low-power wireless local area networks (WLANs) that cover a large area.

Introduction ZigBee was designed to provide high data throughput in applications where the duty cycle is low and power consumption is an important constraint. Industrial automation and physical plant operations, it is often associated with machine-to-machine communication and the Internet of Things (IoT).

Introduction Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard Created by the ZigBee Alliance Simpler and less expensive than other wireless personal area networks (WPANs), such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. Its low power consumption limits transmission distances to 10–100 meters line-of-sight,

Introduction Operates in Personal Area Networks (PAN’s) and device-to-device networks Connectivity between small packet devices. Control of lights, switches, thermostats, appliances, etc. ZigBee networks are secured by 128 bit encryption keys. ZigBee has a defined rate of 250 kbit/s, best suited for data transmissions from a sensor or input device.

Organization defining global standards for reliable, cost‐effective, low power wireless applications A consortium of end users and solution providers, primarily responsible for the development of the 802.15.4 standard Developing applications and network capability utilizing the 802.15.4 packet delivery mechanism

Characteristics Low power consumption Low data rate Relatively short transmission range Scalability Reliability Flexible protocol design suitable for many applications Low cost

INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL Applications INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL CONSUMER ELECTRONICS monitors sensors automation control TV VCR DVD/CD Remote control PERSONAL HEALTH CARE PC & PERIPHERALS monitors diagnostics sensors ZigBee LOW DATA-RATE RADIO DEVICES mouse keyboard joystick HVAC---Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (供暖,通風,空調) ZigBee目前的應用有： 1. 工商業的自動控制系統 2. 個人健康診斷 3. 攜帶型娛樂工具 4. 家庭消費電子設備遠距控制 5. 個人電腦的周邊無線控制 6. 居家安全與自動監控 TOYS & GAMES HOME AUTOMATION consoles portables educational security HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) lighting closures

IEEE 802.15.4 Device Types There are two different device types : A full function device (FFD) A reduced function device (RFD) The FFD can operate in 3 modes by serving as Device Coordinator PAN coordinator The RFD can only serve as:

FFD vs RFD Full function device (FFD) Reduced function device (RFD) Any topology Network coordinator capable Talks to any other device Reduced function device (RFD) Limited to star topology Cannot become a network coordinator Talks only to a network coordinator Very simple implementation

ZigBee Network Topologies Star Mesh Cluster Tree PAN coordinator Full Function Device Reduced Function Device

ZigBee Network Topologies Star Topology Advantage Easy to synchronize Low latency Disadvantage Small scale Not applicable to big numbers of nodes 星狀拓樸，他的優點是容易同步化和所以有superframe，低延遲缺點是難以擴充

ZigBee Network Topologies Mesh Topology Advantage Robust multihop communication Network is more flexible Lower latency Disadvantage Route discovery is costly Needs storage for routing table

ZigBee Network Topologies Cluster Tree Advantage Low routing cost Allow multihop communication Disadvantage Route reconstruction is costly Latency may be quite long

ZigBee and Bluetooth Comparison Optimized for different applications ZigBee Smaller packets over large network Mostly Static networks with many, infrequently used devices Home automation, toys, remote controls, etc. Bluetooth Larger packets over small network Ad‐hoc networks File transfer Screen graphics, pictures, hands free audio, Mobile phones, headsets, PDAs, etc.

ZigBee and Bluetooth Comparison Feature(s) Bluetooth ZigBee Power Profile days Years Complexity complex Simple Nodes/Master 7 64000 Latency 10 seconds 30 ms – 1s Range 10m 70m ~ 300m Extendibility no Yes Data Rate 1 Mbps 250 Kbps Security 64bit, 128bit 128bit Advanced Encryption System and Application Layer

Zigbee vs. Other Wireless technologies 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 Bandwidth kbps GSM 802.11a/g GPRS EDGE 2000 2003-4 2005 Bluetooth 3G Hiper LAN/2 Bluetooth 2.0 Range Meters 802.11b ZigBee WiMedia Bluetooth 1.5