(7th) Chapter 5-4 Cornell Notes

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Presentation transcript:

(7th) Chapter 5-4 Cornell Notes Genes, DNA, and Proteins

Chapter 5-4: Key Questions What forms the genetic code? A. __________________________ How does a cell produce proteins? How can mutations affect an organism?

Chapter 5-4: Key Terms messenger RNA- transfer RNA- mutation-

Chapter 5-4 Paragraph 1 genes control protein production in cells; DNA: has 4 nitrogen bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), cytosine (C); genetic code: order of bases/one amino acid; 3 DNA base group codes for 1 amino acid. Chapter 5-4 Paragraph 1

protein synthesis: gene decides which protein to make; occurs in ribosomes in cytoplasm; RNA: genetic messenger; RNA 1 strand, uracil (U) not thymine (T). Chapter 5-4 Paragraph 2

Chapter 5-4 Paragraph 3 Messenger RNA (mRNA): copies/carries coded message from DNA to ribosome; Transfer RNA (tRNA): carries amino acids to growing protein.

Chapter 5-4 Paragraph 4 protein synthesis: DNA molecule “unzips”; mRNA enters cytoplasm, gives code to ribosome; tRNA “reads” code, brings 1 amino acid to growing protein molecule.

Chapter 5-4 Paragraph 5 Mutations: can cause errors to protein; results in changing phenotype/traits; body cell mutation only affects cell; sex cell mutation passed on to the next cell.

Chapter 5-4 Paragraph 6 some mutations harmful if affects chance of survival/reproduction; others helpful or no change.