CHAPTER 26 BETWEEN WARS

IMPACT OF WWI Many countries make tombs for the “unknown soldier” People look at war a new way League of Nations just enforces economic sanctions Acts more like a bully than a moderator Little Entente cannot really stop Germany (Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia) even with Poland Problems paying reparations Treaty of Locarno

A GLOBAL KICK IN THE JIMMY Buying on margin led to a shaky stock market October 29, 1929 the stock market crashes Should have been avoided Dawes plan turns American crash into a global crash Hawley Smooth Tariff Hover Homes Social problems in the US in addition to financial Massive bank failures

DEMOCRACY DOWN People blame the government for.... Listening to people? Britain Angry coal miners leads to problems for labor party Keynes ignored in Britain but accepted in most places Conservative-Liberal movement helps with tariffs and balanced budgets France France does ok until depression Popular Front (socialists-democrats) link to prevent rebellion

DEMOCRACY DOWN US Herbert Hoover Too little too late Franklin D Roosevelt Lot more federal authority (socialist?) New Deal Government stimulus to support economy Scandinavian States Many become socialist in nature High Taxes and large bureaucracies

COLONIES Some colonies rose up like in Africa but were put down India had Mahatma Gandhi start a civil disobedience movement Turkey and many middle eastern countries defined boundaries after fall of Ottoman Empire

TOTALITARIANISM Most democracies are replaced by these A totalitarian state does the following Active commitment of citizens Mass Propaganda Good communication Led by a single leader with complete authority One political party

FASCIST ITALY Benito Mussolini ( ) Italians angry over failure to receive territory after WWI Fascio di Combattimento (League of Combat) Squadristi (black shirts) March on Rome with the Black Shirts, 1922 Mussolini appointed prime minister, October 29, 1922 Il Duce

NAZI GERMANY Munich Beer Hall Putsch leads to imprisonment in 1923 Writes Mein Kampf Lebensraum Hitler becomes chancellor in 1933 Leader of the Nazi party Enabling Act says he has power for 4 years.... right

GOOD HITLER? Fascist Mass demonstrations to display patriotism Mothers day and Jugend to promote citizens Building projects turn economy around like Autobahn People finally felt they had a leader that cared about Germany!

BAD HITLER! To ensure his power he had the SS (Schutzstaffeln) guard eliminate opposition Purge of the SA in 1934? Education supported Nazi ideals (massive propaganda) Aryan Racial State Nuremberg Laws, Sept 1935 Kristallnacht, November 9-10, 1938 Restriction of Jews

SOVIETS Lenin had established a New Economic Policy USSR formed in 1922 Lenin dies Jan 1924 which leads to conflict Leon Trotsky wanted to spread Communism worldwide Stalin wants to focus on the USSR and has Trotsky sent to Mexico and killed

COMRADE CARD INDEX Purges Now in charge he has millions arrested (many killed) Only one political party could exist Freedoms censored Collectivization of farms Famine leads to 10 million deaths 5 Year Plan Emphasis on Industry Use of Propaganda

FRANCO Fascist conservative that was upset with Democracy Killed around 400,000 in death camps In charge from ! Gains help from Hitler and Mussolini in a Spanish Civil War

QUIZ 1. Name 2 fascist leaders and 2 socialist(or partially socialist) leaders in WWII? 2. What was Hitler’s book called that discussed Lebensraum? 3. what is Lebensraum? 4. What was the New Economic Policy of Lenin? 5. What was Stalin’s 5 year plan? 6. What is one example of new liesure activities that became prominent in the 20-30s? 7. Explain Dadaism 8. Define Surrealism or Functionalism