RNA and Protein Synthesis. How does DNA determine our traits?

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Presentation transcript:

RNA and Protein Synthesis

How does DNA determine our traits?

By directing the synthesis of proteins Proteins represent functional genes Molecular flow of information is: DNARNAProtein

What proteins are you familiar with?

Examples of Proteins Insulin Keratin Hemoglobin Melanin Actin

Proteins are synthesized during two cellular processes. Can you name these processes?

Protein Synthesis 1.Transcription – Genetic information is transferred from DNA to mRNA 2.Translation – mRNA information is decoded to synthesize proteins

What is RNA?

A nucleic acid composed of ribose sugars, phosphates, and nitrogenous bases

How does RNA differ from DNA?

DNA RNA Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine Nucleus only Single stranded Ribose sugar Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Uracil Nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosomes

RNA Nucleotide

Who are the “players” involved in protein synthesis?

The “Players” 1.mRNA 2.tRNA 3.rRNA 4.amino acids 5.ribosomes

mRNA (messenger) linear RNA that transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

tRNA (transfer) RNA (~80 nucleotides in length) twisted in hairpin shape supplies the amino acids to ribosomes for translation

rRNA (ribosomal) globular RNA that composes ribosomes, forms the peptide bond between amino acids during protein synthesis

Amino Acids monomers of proteins linked together to form proteins during translation

Ribosomes site of translation (second step of protein synthesis)

Gene Structure A

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