Chapter 12.3 Gene Activity. GENES SPECIFY ENZYMES (PROTEINS)

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Do Now:.  TRANSCRIPTION: process that makes an RNA copy of DNA.  RNA is single-stranded, and T is replaced by U (A-U; G-C)  RNA polymerase makes RNA,

Advertisements

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

After today’s lesson you will be able to transcribe a DNA fragment into an RNA fragment and translate the RNA into a polypeptide.

TRANSLATION/PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Unit 4 – Part 1. Central Dogma DNA mRNA Proteins Traits.

Protein Synthesis. Remember: DNA Replication How does DNA make all of our characteristics? Genes make proteins…

8.4 DNA Transcription 8.5 Translation

Protein Synthesis Chapter 11.

How Genes Work. Transcription The information contained in DNA is stored in blocks called genes  the genes code for proteins  the proteins determine.

RNA and Protein Synthesis. DNA to RNA to Protein Focus Questions: –How does the message coded in the base sequence of DNA eventually create a protein?

Transcription and Translation

RNA & Protein Synthesis Chapter 13. DNA A book of instructions that tells each individual what proteins to make for their needs. The path from genes to.

Protein Synthesis. The DNA Code It is a universal code. The order of bases along the DNA strand codes for the order in which amino acids are chemically.

VII RNA and Protein Synthesis

Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 RNA, Ribosomes, and Protein Synthesis

RNA & Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis. DNA in the Cell The Central Dogma DNA  RNA  Protein.

RNA and protein synthesis. RNA Single strand of nucleotides Sugar is ribose Uracil instead of thymine.

Chapter 12 Making Proteins. Differences between RNA and DNA DNA = double strand; RNA = single strand RNA contains Ribose instead of deoxyribose. RNA uses.

How Genes Work. Structure of DNA DNA is composed of subunits – nucleotides Three parts Deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar) Phosphate group Nitrogen base – 2.

Central Dogma DNA  RNA  Protein. …..Which leads to  Traits.

Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

3 types:  mRNA – used in transcription  tRNA – used in translation  rRNA – makes up ribosomes Composed of nucleotides  5 carbon sugar = ribose  phosphate.

Protein Synthesis Process that makes proteins

Transcription & Translation Transcription DNA is used to make a single strand of RNA that is complementary to the DNA base pairs. The enzyme used is.

One gene=one protein RNA & Protein Synthesis. Genetic Code -Universal All living organisms have the same four nucleotides- A, C, T, & G Central Dogma:

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA/ TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSLATION

Protein Synthesis What is protein synthesis? Is protein synthesis important? What is RNA? Where is RNA found? Is RNA similar to DNA? What is translation?

Notes for DNA & RNA. DNARNA Double stranded Single stranded Uses the base T Uses the base U Sugar is deoxyribose Sugar is ribose.

Gene Expression. Central Dogma Information flows from: DNA  RNA  Protein Exception: reverse transcriptase (retroviruses) RNA  DNA  RNA  Protein.

DNA Transcription & Protein Translation. DNA Transcription DNA must be copied to messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus mRNA travels from nucleus to the.

Protein Synthesis: Protein Synthesis: Translation and Transcription EQ: What is the Central Dogma and what processes does it involve? Describe processes.

Transcription and Translation How genes are expressed (a.k.a. How proteins are made) Biology.

Transcription, Translation & Protein Synthesis. Protein Synthesis Protein synthesis - a cell makes protein based on the message contained within its DNA.

Structure of DNA DNA is made up of a long chain of nucleotides

Protein Synthesis: Transcription & Translation.

YouTube - "The Gene Scene". The Structure of RNA There are three main differences between RNA and DNA. 1. The sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION. TRANSLATING THE GENETIC CODE ■GENES: CODED DNA INSTRUCTIONS THAT CONTROL THE PRODUCTION OF PROTEINS WITHIN.

Protein Synthesis. The DNA Code The order of bases along the DNA strand codes for the order in which amino acids are chemically joined together to form.

Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.

Protein Synthesis Traits are determined by proteins (often enzymes) *Protein – 1 or more polypeptide chains *Polypeptide – chain of amino acids linked.

Chapter 12-3: RNA & Protein Synthesis Essential Questions:  What are 3 types of RNA?  What is the function of 3 types of RNA?  What happens during transcription?

8.4 Transcription KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule.

RNA and Protein Synthesis Chapter How are proteins made? In molecular terms, genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of.

RNA and Protein Synthesis Chapter 11 C10L10C12. What are Genes? Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within the cell.

CH 12.3 RNA & Protein Synthesis. Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within the cell…

DNA-RNA-Protein The Central Dogma. Transcription-1 DNA can’t leave the nucleus. Proteins are made in the cytoplasm. What a conundrum!

Chapter 12.3 DNA, RNA and Protein DNA, RNA, and Protein Molecular Genetics Central Dogma  RNA - Contains the sugar ribose and the base uracil,

DNA to RNA to Protein. RNA Made up of 1. Phosphate 2. Ribose (a sugar) 3. Four bases RNA bases are: Adenine Guanine Cytosine Uracil (instead of thymine)

Notes: Transcription DNA vs. RNA

Chapter 13.1: RNA Essential Questions

CH 12.3 RNA & Protein Synthesis.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS CHAPTER 10 section 4

Protein Synthesis Standards:

RNA and Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis in Detail

Chp: 12 Transcription & Translation

Chapter 12: From Genes to Proteins

Chapter 14 Gene Activity Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Protein Synthesis 101 Not only does every nucleus of every cell contain the information to make a new you it also contains the information to make all.

Transcription and Translation

Protein Synthesis Miss Richardson SBI4U.

Transcription and Translation

How genes on a chromosome determine what proteins to make

DNA Transcription and Translation

DNA Notes Section 12.3.

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

DNA → RNA→ Protein Sec. 12.3, DNA, RNA, and Protein

Presentation transcript:

Chapter 12.3 Gene Activity

GENES SPECIFY ENZYMES (PROTEINS)

A n error in the gene = an error in the protein

The Central Dogma DNA RNA Amino Acid (Protein)

Figure 14.3 RNA is a lot like DNA, except: 1. Ribose 2. Uracil 3. Single Strand *Can leave the nucleus, carries the "message"

Figure 14.5 Every 3 bases on mRNA (messenger RNA) is called a CODON Each CODON specifies one AMINO ACID Chains of amino acids are proteins (ex. hemoglobin)

Figure 14.6 TRANSCRIPTION: The process where mRNA is made from DNA Follows base-pair rule has uracil instead of thymine RNA polymerase is used to build the strand of RNA

Transcription Animations Transcription: Stolaf.edu Transcription: University of Nebraska Transcription: Concord.org

Translation: process by which protein is built from the mRNA tRNA is used to build an amino acid chain Each 3 bases on mRNA codes for a single amino acid.

3 bases on mRNA = a codon Matching 3 bases on tRNA = anticodon tRNA has a single attached amino acid

Translation occurs on the ribosome mRNA is threaded through the small and large subunit Each tRNA delivers an amino acid which binds to the previous amino acid, eventually forming a long chain.....a PROTEIN

* All genes start with AUG, also called the START CODON It attaches to anticodon UAC and the amino acid methionine amino acids A U G TRANSLATION (protein synthesis)

This is the big picture. Can you explain it in your own words?

Animations of Translation Translation: Stolaf.edu Translation: Concord.org