Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures America Before Columbus America Before Columbus –The Peoples of the Pre-contact Americas  The “Clovis” People  Archaeologists and Population Diversity  The “Archaic” Period 2 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures 3 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. How the Early North Americans Lived

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures America Before Columbus America Before Columbus –The Growth of Civilizations: The South –The Growth of Civilizations: The South The Mayan Pyramid of Kukulkan (Royalty-Free/CORBIS) 4 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Iroquois Women (Library of Congress) Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures America Before Columbus America Before Columbus –The Civilizations of the North the North  Complex and Varied Civilizations Varied Civilizations  Mobile Societies  Mobile Societies 5 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Secotan Village, 1585 (Library of Congress) Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures America Before Columbus America Before Columbus –Tribal Cultures  Agricultural Revolution 6 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Commerce and Nationalism  A Reawakening of Commerce  Centralized Nation-States  Prince Henry the Navigator 7 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Marco Polo leaves for the Far East (Bibliothèque Nationale de France) Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures 8 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Christopher Columbus  Columbus’s First Voyage  Religious Motives for Exploration for Exploration  Ferdinand Magellan Christopher Columbus (Library of Congress) 9 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures European Exploration and Conquest, © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –The Conquistadores  Cortés Conquers the Aztecs  Brutality and Greed –Spanish America  Ordinances of Discovery  Catholic Missions 11 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Spanish America 12 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Northern Outposts  St. Augustine  Pueblo Revolt of 1680 Pueblo Ruins in New Mexico (CORBIS / Royalty-Free) 13 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –The Empire at High Tide  Spain’s Vast Empire  Rigid Royal Control  A Collision of Cultures Mexico, California, and Florida, 1600 (Royalty-Free / CORBIS) 14 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures De Soto in North America (Rare Books Division, Library of Congress) 15 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Biological and Cultural Exchanges  Increasing Levels of Exchange  Demographic Catastrophe  Deliberate Subjugation and Extermination  New Crops and Agricultural Techniques  A Complex Racial Hierarchy  Reasons for Intermarriage  Varied Labor Systems 16 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Africa and America  Ghana and Mali  Benin, Congo, and Songhay  Matrilineal Societies  Growth of the African Slave Trade 1633 Map of Atlantic (Royalty-Free/CORBIS) 17 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English  John Cabot –The Commercial Incentive  The Enclosure Movement  The Enclosure Movement  Chartered Companies  Mercantilism  Richard Hakluyt’s Argument for Colonies 18 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

John Calvin (Portrait Gallery) Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The Religious Incentive  Doctrine of Predestination  The English Reformation  Puritan Separatists  Puritan Discontent 19 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The English in Ireland  Subjugation of Ireland  The Plantation Model 20 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The French and the Dutch in America  Coureurs de Bois  Henry Hudson  New Amsterdam A French Map of North America, 1656 (Royalty-Free/CORBIS) 21 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The First English Settlements  The Spanish Armada  Gilbert’s Expedition to Newfoundland A Galleon in Flames (The Palma Collection / Getty Images) 22 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –Roanoke  The First Roanoke Colony  New Colonial Charters 23 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures America in the World: America in the World: The Atlantic Context of Early American History 1587 Map of the Americas (Fototeca Storica Nazionale / Getty Images ) 24 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Where Historians Disagree: Where Historians Disagree: Why Do Historians So Often Differ? 25 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Where Historians Disagree: Where Historians Disagree: The American Population Before Columbus The Mayan Pyramid of Kukulkan (Royalty-Free/CORBIS) 26 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.