  (1) History. The student understands the causes and effects of European colonization in the United States beginning in 1565, the founding of St. Augustine. The student is expected to:  (A) explain when, where, and why groups of people explored, colonized, and settled in the United States, including the search for religious freedom and economic gain Standards

  What did European explorers have in common?  What effect did the exploration of the Americas have on the countries who sent expeditions?  What effect did the exploration of the Americas have on those who already lived there?  What effect did the exploration of the Americas have on the people of Africa? Essential Questions

 America Before “Discovery”

 Portuguese Exploration Who: Prince Henry, Bartolomeu Dias, Vasco da Gama, & Pedro Álvares Cabral When: began in 1415 Where: South and East ~ around the coast of Africa all the way to Japan Southwest to Brazil Why: finding a sea route to Asia and spreading Christianity

  Improved technology  Astrolabe  Compass  Ships/Sails  Power  Accurate maps  Reached/created Indian spice trade routes  Long-lasting colonial empire in Asia Consequences

 Europeans Head West

 The Three G’s of Exploration: “God, Gold, and Glory” When you think of the actual trip explorers had to endure to reach their destinations from Europe, you have to ask, “Why would someone risk starvation, drowning, disease, and murder?” The reasons would have to be powerful. Why?

  God  Some went believing that they must spread Christianity to the world, and that God would reward them for doing this.  Glory  Many “average” people wanted to make a name for themselves; and there was glory to be found in the adventurous voyages on the open seas. One could have celebrity status for making these journeys and claiming land for their country.  Gold  The rumors of gold – much more than they could imagine, caused men to become explorers who would risk their lives to find these riches. They would also be rewarded in gold by the King and Queen if they were to find new land. The Three G’s

 Spanish Exploration Christopher Columbus wanted to find Asia by sailing West thought he ended up in the West Indies really ended up in Caribbean Islands claimed land for Spain took natives captive found some gold/jewels was rewarded by King and Queen and funded for more voyages Juan Ponce de León sailed with Columbus, but went in search of the fountain of youth and “found” and claimed land he named Florida wanted to create a settlement, but natives attacked and wounded León - he died soon after Hernán Cortés conquistador (conqueror) welcomed by Aztec leader, Moctezuma – Cortés took him prisoner after two years, Spaniards defeated the Aztecs claimed land and riches for Spain

 Spanish Exploration cont. Ferdinand Magellan wanted to find a waterway West to get to Asia left with five ships sailed along the coast of South America and found a narrow waterway (Magellan Strait) reached Philippines, off coast of Asia, but died in battle with natives crew continued West and made it back to Spain first to circumnavigate the world Francisco Vásquez de Coronado Spanish leader in Mexico heard of Cíbola, a mythical land filled with gold, silver, and jewels, and set off to find it explored and claimed much of the southwest, but never found Cíbola only missionaries found him successful because they were able to convert natives to Christianity

 Other Europeans

 Other European Countries John Cabot (Italian, but sent by King Henry VII of England) in search of westward water passage to Asia sailed north of Columbus’ route to avoid land claimed by Spain reached eastern coast of Canada and claimed land for England on second voyage, his ship sank Jacques Cartier (French) in search of water passage to Asia by finding a water passage through North America found and named a waterway (St. Lawrence River) into North America and claimed surrounding land for France (New France) returned once to explore returned a third time to create a settlement, but after two harsh winters, they gave up and returned to France

 Other European Countries Henry Hudson (English, but hired by the East India Trading Company in Holland) in search of northern sea route to Asia reached Maine and entered a narrow harbor sailed north upriver until they no longer could claimed land for Holland with two voyages, he named a river, valley, and bay By 1624, the Dutch settled in Hudson Valley Robert de La Salle (French) fur trader on St. Lawrence River dreamed of personal wealth and growth of French empire traveled and explored Mississippi River – claimed land for France and named Louisiana gave France entire Mississippi Valley

 The Columbian Exchange

 The Slave Triangle

 The Americas After “Discovery”

 Compare & Contrast

 Exit Ticket 3 ~ In what ways did North America changed from “Before” to “After.” 2 ~ What affect did this have on the natives of the land? 1 ~ What affect did this have on the world?