Safety and First Aid

Bellringer Worksheet – Reflect on your past year. List two health behaviors risk that you made in life. Explain two positive health behaviors that you plan to practice this year. **Complete Health Survey

Postive Health Behaviors Risk factors- May be either an isolated unsafe act or and unsafe habit. Risky Behaviors Avoid parts of town or places with a high incidence of know crime. Avoid walking alone at night, in wooded areas, or in dark alleys. At night have your keys ready. Park in well-light areas Don’t put your wallet, purse or belongs in an easy-to-grab place. Take down license plate number or description of suspicious cars in your neighborhood. Stay alert to what is going on around you. Walk briskly, act assertively as though you know where you are going. Avoid placing yourself in isolated, risky situations.

Inappropriate actions that contribute to injury. Not wearing a seatbelt pranks Dares or challenges and other negative peer pressure. Bullying Prejudice Riding with and intoxicated driver. ** Don’t drink and drive video- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TghB2I9XYCI

Inherent(loss) Risks Driving recklessly Selling or buying drugs Participating in contact sports Using weapons Bringing a gun to school **Activity- list three negative things for each of the above that can result from these risk.

videos Reckless driving PSA- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TghB2I9XYCI Bullying- enough bullying video

Group Activity Choose either a anti-bullying or a positive risk behavior. Make a poster helping teens with these issues. Include resources they can seek to help them. Catchy title Colorful Reasons why to practice positive behavior or not to bully

First Aid First Aid is the immediate temporary care given to an injured or ill person. It is important to learn at least the basic skills of first aid so that you know what to do and what not to do to prevent further damage. The first five minutes of an emergency situation are the most critical.

First Aid and the Law Good Samaritan laws- encourage people to assist others needing help. It provides protection against lawsuits. Duty to act- requires an individual to provide first aid. No one is required to give first aid when no legal duties exist. (ex. Applies to law enforcement officers, park rangers, athletic trainers, lifeguards and teacher) Consent- a first aider must have permission of a responsive (alert) person before providing care, this is called expressed consent. Implied consent is given when a person is unconscious. Abandonment- failure to continue first aid until relieved by someone with the same or high level of training. Negligence- Deviation from the accepted stand of care resulting in further injury to the victim.

Prioritites in an Emergency Check the immediate surroundings for possible dangers. Move the victim only if his or her life is threatened. (ex. Car that might catch on fire, room filled with smoke or water deep enough for drowning) Check to see if the victim is conscious (if not call 911) Check breathing (be sure airway is open if not administer rescue breathing if certified) Control severe bleeding. (if blood is bright red and squirting, an artery has been damaged. Apply direct pressure) Check the victim for poisoning. (a poison is a substance that is a solid liquid or gas)

Secondary Emergency Measures Once you have taken steps to ensure the victim’s safety you need to do the following. Learn as much as you can about what happened. Look after the victim continued safety and comfort. (keep victim still) Make sure the victim maintains normal temperature. (provide blankets, coats or shade)

Recognizing the signs of an emergency Unconscious victim (not responsive) Smoke Toxic odor Drowning Universal sign for choking (clinching throat) Not alert Not aware of where they are or who they are Deformities Open wounds Tenderness (sensitivity and discomfort) Swelling

Decide what how to care Never put your life in danger (you can’t help someone if you are also injured) Do not move the victim unless the victim is in danger Call 911 **show Mr. Bean’s CPR

When to call 911 If the victims condition is life threatening If the condition could get or gets worst If distance or traffic conditions would cause a delay If moving the victim will cause further injury If you suspect a spinal injury Fainting or loss of consciousness Chest or abdominal pain or pressure Sudden dizziness, weakness or change in vision Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath Suicidal or homicidal feelings Bleeding that does not stop after 10 to 15 minutes of pressure Drug overdoes Severe burn poisoning

Calling for help Try and remain calm Know your name and number Be able to explain the nature of the emergency (what happened) Know the number of persons needing help and any special conditions. Victims condition Stay on the phone until the operator tell you to hang up.

Providing care until help arrives Protect from further injury. Maintain body temperature. Control bleeding. Reassure the victim that help is on the way. If you started CPR continue until EMS has arrived and relieved you.

Common Injuries Sprains-caused by stretching or tearing of the soft tissue bands (treat by R.I.C.E-rest, ice compression(bandage) care) Fracture or break Cuts- a break in the skin. (laceration) Insect and animal bites Burns- depending on the severity of the burn you want to run under water. Poisoning Fainting Nosebleeds Heat exhaustion Object in eye Frostbite Heat cramps Heat stroke

Life threatening emergencies Choking- abdominal thrust Severe bleeding- control bleeding (apply pressure) Heart attack- call 911 (possible CPR) Shock- (lay victim down, raise legs, keep warm)

CPR CPR- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Failure for the heart to pump blood. Can be brought on by respiratory failure, a drug overdose, blockage in a blood vessel, electric shock or poisoning. Treat with CPR. Know ABC’s. Airway, breaths and circulation

CPR cont.d Airway- open airway Breath- give breaths Circulation- Chest compressions