FLOWERS FRUITS AND SEEDS

STRUCTURE OF FLOWER  Stalk supporting the flower  Peduncle

STRUCTURE OF FLOWER  Multiple stalks  Pedicels

STRUCTURE OF FLOWER  Base of flower  Receptacle  Leaves that emerge from receptacle  Sepals  3 to 5  Often green

STRUCTURE OF FLOWER  Collectively, all the sepals are referred to as calyx  Protect flower bud before it opens

STRUCTURE OF FLOWER  Petals emerge from inside the sepals  Collectively referred to as corolla

STRUCTURE OF FLOWER  True leaves below flower that are colorful like petals  Bracts

STRUCTURE OF FLOWER  Male component of flower  Stamen  Slender stalk  Filament  Pollen-producing sac on top  Anther

STRUCTURE OF FLOWER  Female component of flower  Pistil  Receptor of pollen at top  Stigma  Slender stalk  Style  Swollen base  Ovary

STRUCTURE OF FLOWER  The ovary becomes the fruit  Compartments within ovary  Carpels  Tomato and orange

STRUCTURE OF FLOWER  Ovules inside ovary  Ovules are female germ cells  Once fertilized, develop into seeds

FRUIT  Matured ovary become fruit that contain seeds  Tomato  Squash  Cucumber

FRUIT  Celery  Petiole  Cabbage  Leaves  Sweet potato  Root  Broccoli  Flowers

FRUIT REGIONS  Pericarp  All 3 of the following parts  The entire fruit  Inner boundary around seed  Endocarp  Outer skin  Exocarp  Fleshy tissue in between  Mesocarp

FLESHY FRUITS  One seed enclosed by hard, stony endocarp (pit)  Drupe  Coconut  Peach  Cherry

FLESHY FRUITS  One seed enclosed by hard, stony endocarp (pit)  Drupe  Coconut  Peach  Cherry

FLESHY FRUITS  One seed enclosed by hard, stony endocarp (pit)  Drupe  Coconut  Peach  Cherry

FLESHY FRUITS  Thin, soft exocarp (skin)  True berries  Tomato  Pepper  Grape  Strawberry, raspberry, blackberry NOT true berry

FLESHY FRUITS  Thick, firm exocarp (rind)  Pepos  Watermelon  Squash  Pumpkin

FLESHY FRUITS  Endocarp around seeds is papery  Fleshy part is actually the receptacle  Pome  Apple  Pear

DRY FRUITS  Split at maturity  Legumes  Beans  Peanuts  Peas  Capsules  Iris

DRY FRUITS  Split at maturity  Legumes  Beans  Peanuts  Peas  Capsules  Iris

DRY FRUITS  Split at maturity  Legumes  Beans  Peanuts  Peas  Capsules  Iris

DRY FRUITS  Split at maturity  Legumes  Beans  Peanuts  Peas  Capsules  Iris

DRY FRUITS  Do not split at maturity  Seed contained within a husk  Husk is pericarp  Achene  Sunflower  Nut  Larger and harder than achene  Acorn  Dry drupe  Walnut  Pecan

DRY FRUITS  Do not split at maturity  Seed contained within a husk  Husk is pericarp  Achene  Sunflower  Nut  Larger and harder than achene  Acorn  Dry drupe  Walnut  Pecan

DRY FRUITS  Do not split at maturity  Seed contained within a husk  Husk is pericarp  Achene  Sunflower  Nut  Larger and harder than achene  Acorn  Dry drupe  Walnut  Pecan

DRY FRUITS  Do not split at maturity  Seed contained within a husk  Husk is pericarp  Achene  Sunflower  Nut  Larger and harder than achene  Acorn  Dry drupe  Walnut  Pecan

DRY FRUITS  Do not split at maturity  Seed and pericarp tightly fused  Grain  Grasses

DRY FRUITS  Do not split at maturity  Pericarp around seed extends into wing  Samara

AGGREGATE FRUIT  Several pistils in one flower  Develop into multiple drupes  Raspberry  Blackberry  Strawberry  Party composed of accessory tissue

AGGREGATE FRUIT  Several pistils in one flower  Develop into multiple drupes  Raspberry  Blackberry  Strawberry  Party composed of accessory tissue

MULTIPLE FRUIT  Many individual flowers in an inflorescence  Fruitlets merge into a single larger fruit  Pineapple  Fig

SEED STRUCTURE  The hardened seed coat protects embryo  The seed leaves  Cotyledons  Dicots (broadleaves) have two  Monocots (grasses) have one  Food storage  Cotyledon(s) and miniature plant  Embryo

SEED STRUCTURE  Stem growing above the cotyledons  Epicotyl  Stem growing below the cotyledons  Hypocotyl  The root tip emerging from seed  Radicle

SEED STRUCTURE  Some seeds contain additional food-storage tissue  Endosperm  Corn

SEED GERMINATION  The embryo has to be alive  Viable  Water initiates germination process  In some cases, the presence or absence of light is required

SEED GERMINATION  Proper storage to extend viability  Cool  Dry

SEED GERMINATION  Thick seed coat needs to be penetrated  Nicking or scratching to allow water  Scarification  Mechanical abrasion (rocks)  Freezing/thawing

SEED GERMINATION  Seed coats that contain growth-inhibitors  Large quantities of water  Desert plants  Prevent germination inside fruit  Apples  Tomatoes

SEED GERMINATION  Seed that required period of cold  Stratification  Temperate woody plants

SEEDLESS FRUITS  Seedless-fruiting bearing plants are sterile  Cannot reproduce  Propagate plants by cuttings

SEEDLESS FRUITS  Normal seeds are diploid  Contain two sets of chromosomes  One from each parent  Seedless fruit are triploid  Three sets of chromosomes  Sterile

SEEDLESS FRUITS  Triploids are developed through cross breeding  Diploid (2x) x tetraploid (4x) = triploid (3x)  Seeds never develop